Bruceine A(NSC310616; Dihydrobrusatol) is a natural quassinoid compound extracted from the dried fruits of Brucea javanica (L.); are potential candidates for the treatment of canine babesiosis.IC50 amount: Target: At a concentration of 25 nM, brucine A killed the parasites in less than 24 hours by inhibiting the in vitro growth of Babesia gibsoni in canine erythrocytes at a lower concentration than the standard antibabesial medication diminazene aceturate. After five days of oral bruceine A administration at a dosage of 6.4 mg/kg/day, the dog's blood hematological and biochemical values were within normal ranges, and no clinical findings were observed. Two of the three dogs that had B. gibsoni infections received treatment for six days starting on the fifth day after infection using bruceine A at a dosage of 6.4 mg/kg/day.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C26H34O11
Molecular Weight	522.5416
Exact Mass	522.21
Elemental Analysis	C, 59.76; H, 6.56; O, 33.68
CAS #	25514-31-2
Related CAS #	21586-90-3 (Bruceine E)
PubChem CID	160006
Appearance	White to off-white solid powder
Density	1.4±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point	712.6±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point	237.1±26.4 °C
Vapour Pressure	0.0±5.2 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.596
LogP	1.8
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	11
Rotatable Bond Count	6
Heavy Atom Count	37
Complexity	1100
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	10
SMILES	CC1=C(C(=O)C[C@]2([C@H]1C[C@@H]3[C@]45[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@]([C@@H]4[C@H](C(=O)O3)OC(=O)CC(C)C)(OC5)C(=O)OC)O)O)C)O
InChi Key	LPZSTPCYWWRQFU-VILODJCFSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C26H34O11/c1-10(2)6-15(28)37-18-20-25-9-35-26(20,23(33)34-5)21(31)17(30)19(25)24(4)8-13(27)16(29)11(3)12(24)7-14(25)36-22(18)32/h10,12,14,17-21,29-31H,6-9H2,1-5H3/t12-,14+,17+,18+,19+,20+,21-,24-,25+,26-/m0/s1
Chemical Name	methyl (1R,2S,3S,3aS,3a1R,4R,6aR,7aR,11aS,11bR)-1,2,9-trihydroxy-8,11a-dimethyl-4-((3-methylbutanoyl)oxy)-5,10-dioxo-1,4,5,6a,7,7a,10,11,11a,11b-decahydro-2H-3,3a1-(epoxymethano)dibenzo[de,g]chromene-3(3aH)-carboxylate
Synonyms	NSC310616; NSC 310616; Bruceine A; 25514-31-2; BRUCEIN A; Isobruceine A; methyl (1R,2S,3R,6R,8R,13S,14R,15R,16S,17S)-10,15,16-trihydroxy-9,13-dimethyl-3-(3-methylbutanoyloxy)-4,11-dioxo-5,18-dioxapentacyclo[12.5.0.01,6.02,17.08,13]nonadec-9-ene-17-carboxylate; NSC 310,616; Bruceantin A; Picras-3-en-21-oic acid, 13,20-epoxy-3,11,12-trihydroxy-15-(3-methyl-1-oxobutoxy)-2,16-dioxo-, methyl ester, (11beta,12alpha,15beta)-; NSC-310616; Dihydrobrusatol;
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

Targets	Natural product
ln Vivo	Bruceine A, a natural quassinoid compound extracted from the dried fruits of Brucea javanica (L.) Merr., was evaluated for its antibabesial activity in vitro and in vivo. Bruceine A inhibited the in vitro growth of Babesia gibsoni in canine erythrocytes at lower concentration compared with the standard antibabesial drug diminazene aceturate and killed the parasites within 24 hr at a concentration of 25 nM. Oral administration of bruceine A at a dosage of 6.4 mg/kg/day for 5 days resulted in no clinical findings in a dog with normal ranges of hematological and biochemical values in the blood. Three dogs were infected with B. gibsoni and two of them were treated with bruceine A at a dosage of 6.4 mg/kg/day for 6 days from day 5 post-infection. An untreated dog developed typical acute babesiosis symptoms including severe anemia, high fever, and complete loss of appetite and movement. However, the two bruceine A-treated dogs maintained their healthy conditions throughout the experimental period of 4 weeks although complete elimination of parasites from the peripheral blood was not achieved and decreases in the packed cell volume and the erythrocyte and platelet counts were observed. Since natural quassinoid compounds have been used as traditional medicines for the treatment of various ailments including cancer and malaria, the present results suggest that bruceine A or other related compounds are potential candidates for the treatment of canine babesiosis [1].
References	[1]. Evaluation of efficacy of bruceine A, a natural quassinoid compound extracted from a medicinal plant, Brucea javanica, for canine babesiosis. J Vet Med Sci. 2009 Jan;71(1):33-41.
Additional Infomation	Bruceine A is a quassinoid. Bruceine A has been reported in Brucea javanica with data available.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO : ≥ 25 mg/mL (~47.84 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (3.98 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (3.98 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	1.9137 mL	9.5686 mL	19.1373 mL
	5 mM	0.3827 mL	1.9137 mL	3.8275 mL
	10 mM	0.1914 mL	0.9569 mL	1.9137 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.