Avenanthramide A is a plant defensin found in oats (Avena sativa L.). Avenanthramide A targets the RNA helicase DDX3, leading to increased mitochondrial swelling and ROS production, and inducing apoptosis in CRC cells. Avenanthramide A exhibits antitumor activity in mouse models. Avenanthramide A is orally active.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C16H13NO5
Molecular Weight	299.28
Exact Mass	299.079
CAS #	108605-70-5
PubChem CID	5281157
Appearance	Solid powder
Density	1.49g/cm3
Boiling Point	644.7ºC at 760 mmHg
Melting Point	277 °C
Flash Point	343.7ºC
Vapour Pressure	1.68E-17mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.753
LogP	3.097
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	5
Rotatable Bond Count	4
Heavy Atom Count	22
Complexity	428
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
SMILES	OC1=CC(C(O)=O)=C(NC(=O)/C=C/C2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C=C1
InChi Key	QGUMNWHANDITDB-FPYGCLRLSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C16H13NO5/c18-11-4-1-10(2-5-11)3-8-15(20)17-14-7-6-12(19)9-13(14)16(21)22/h1-9,18-19H,(H,17,20)(H,21,22)/b8-3+
Chemical Name	5-hydroxy-2-[[(E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]amino]benzoic acid
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

References	[1]. Avenanthramide A triggers potent ROS-mediated anti-tumor effects in colorectal cancer by directly targeting DDX3. Cell Death Dis. 2019 Aug 7;10(8):593.
Additional Infomation	Avenanthramide A is a hydroxycinnamic acid. It is a conjugate acid of an avenanthramide A(1-). Avenanthramide A has been reported in Avena sativa with data available.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (334.14 mM; with sonication)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.35 mM)(Saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution, add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix well; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above system and mix well; then add 450 μL saline to make up to 1 mL. *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.35 mM)(Saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution, add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD in saline and mix well. *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	3.3414 mL	16.7068 mL	33.4135 mL
	5 mM	0.6683 mL	3.3414 mL	6.6827 mL
	10 mM	0.3341 mL	1.6707 mL	3.3414 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.