Adenosine amine congener (ADAC) is a novel and selective A1 adenosine receptor agonist that can ameliorate noise- and Cisplatin-induced cochlear injury. Adenosine amine congener also has neuroprotective effects.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C28H32N8O6.H2O
Molecular Weight	594.61896
Exact Mass	576.244
Elemental Analysis	C, 58.32; H, 5.59; N, 19.43; O, 16.65
CAS #	96760-69-9
PubChem CID	126054
Appearance	Solid powder
LogP	1.217
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	7
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	11
Rotatable Bond Count	11
Heavy Atom Count	42
Complexity	887
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	4
SMILES	OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@H](N2C=NC3=C(N=CN=C32)NC4=CC=C(CC(NC5=CC=C(CC(NCCN)=O)C=C5)=O)C=C4)O1)O)O
InChi Key	JFRJCQJVFMHZOO-QZHHGCDDSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C28H32N8O6/c29-9-10-30-21(38)11-16-1-5-18(6-2-16)34-22(39)12-17-3-7-19(8-4-17)35-26-23-27(32-14-31-26)36(15-33-23)28-25(41)24(40)20(13-37)42-28/h1-8,14-15,20,24-25,28,37,40-41H,9-13,29H2,(H,30,38)(H,34,39)(H,31,32,35)/t20-,24-,25-,28-/m1/s1
Chemical Name	N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-[4-[[2-[4-[[9-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]purin-6-yl]amino]phenyl]acetyl]amino]phenyl]acetamide
Synonyms	Adenosine amine congener; 6-Adac; ADAC.
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro	Adenosylamine homologs lessen oxidative damage in cochlea exposed to noise, protecting sensory hair cells. In cochlear tissue, adenosylamine homologs also lessen cisplatin-induced apoptosis, particularly in sensory hair cells and striatal border cells. Adenosylamine homologues have otoprotective properties that block the release of glutamate via presynaptic A1 receptors and voltage-gated Ca2+ channel inhibition, which prevents the activation of the pathways leading to necrotic and apoptotic cell death [1].
ln Vivo	Treatment with adenosylamine congener (25-300 μg/kg/day; i.p.; daily; for 5 days; male Wistar rats) is most effective in the first 24 hours following noise exposure at dosages >50 μg/kg; it offers protection of up to 21 dB. Adenosylamine congeners have a dose- and time-dependent effect on mitigating noise-induced hearing loss [1].
Animal Protocol	Animal/Disease Models: Male Wistar rats (8-10 weeks old) received noise exposure treatment [1] Doses: 25 μg/kg/day, 50 μg/kg/day, 100 μg/kg/day, 200 μg/kg/day , 300 μg/kg/day Doses: intraperitoneal (ip) injection; daily; for 5 days Experimental Results: Most effective in the first 24 hrs (hrs (hours)) after noise exposure at doses >50 μg/kg and provided up to 21 dB of protection (8- average over the 28 kHz range).
References	[1]. Adenosine amine congener as a cochlear rescue agent. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:841489. [2]. Adenosine amine congener mitigates noise-induced cochlear injury. Purinergic Signal. 2010 Jun;6(2):273-81.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO : ~31.25 mg/mL (~54.20 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (3.61 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (3.61 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (3.61 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	1.6817 mL	8.4087 mL	16.8175 mL
	5 mM	0.3363 mL	1.6817 mL	3.3635 mL
	10 mM	0.1682 mL	0.8409 mL	1.6817 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.