Acivicin HCl (AT-125 HCl) is a naturally occurring compound produced by Streptomyces suis and is a gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) inhibitor. Acivicin HCl crosses the BBB (blood-brain barrier) and has anti-cancer and anti-parasitic properties.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C5H8CL2N2O3
Molecular Weight	215.03461933136
Exact Mass	213.991
CAS #	161922-40-3
Related CAS #	Acivicin;42228-92-2
PubChem CID	155905759
Appearance	Off-white to light yellow solid powder
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	5
Rotatable Bond Count	2
Heavy Atom Count	12
Complexity	206
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	2
SMILES	C1[C@H](ON=C1Cl)[C@@H](C(=O)O)N.Cl
InChi Key	IXBPTDHBIYEQHX-QYEIVYHBSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C5H7ClN2O3.ClH/c6-3-1-2(11-8-3)4(7)5(9)10;/h2,4H,1,7H2,(H,9,10);1H/t2-,4-;/m0./s1
Chemical Name	(2S)-2-amino-2-[(5S)-3-chloro-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yl]acetic acid;hydrochloride
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

Targets	γ-glutamyl transpeptidase[1]
ln Vitro	In human HepG2 cells, acivicin hydrochloride (AT-125 hydrochloride; 0.1-50 μM; 5 days) has an IC50 of 0.7 μM [1].
ln Vivo	Acivicin hydrochloride (AT-125 hydrochloride; 5 mg/kg; intraperitoneal injection; twice weekly) decreases γ-GT in the urine by 70–78% [3].
Animal Protocol	Animal/Disease Models: Male pigmented Long-Evans rats weighed between 250 g and 300 g exposed to Toluene[3] Doses: 5 mg/kg Route of Administration: IP; twice weekly (monday and wednesday) Experimental Results: diminished urinary γ-GT by 70-78%.
References	[1]. Kreuzer J, et al. Target discovery of acivicin in cancer cells elucidates its mechanism of growth inhibition. Chem Sci. 2014 Dec 1;6(1):237-245. Epub 2014 Sep 26. [2]. Chikhale EG, et al. Carrier-mediated transport of the antitumor agent acivicin across the blood-brain barrier. Biochem Pharmacol. 1995 Mar 30;49(7):941-5. [3]. Delphine Waniusiow, et al. Toluene-induced hearing loss in acivicin-treated rats. Neurotoxicol Teratol. May-Jun 2008;30(3):154-60.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (465.05 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (11.63 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (11.63 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	4.6505 mL	23.2526 mL	46.5051 mL
	5 mM	0.9301 mL	4.6505 mL	9.3010 mL
	10 mM	0.4651 mL	2.3253 mL	4.6505 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.