12-Epinapelline is a diterpene alkaloid extracted from Aconitum baikalense. 12-Epinapelline has anti~inflammatory activity and stimulates the growth of fibroblast precursor clones.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C22H33NO3
Molecular Weight	359.5023
Exact Mass	359.246
CAS #	110064-71-6
PubChem CID	3133561
Appearance	White to off-white solid powder
Density	1.3±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point	537.8±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point	284.2±28.8 °C
Vapour Pressure	0.0±3.2 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.638
LogP	0.78
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	4
Rotatable Bond Count	1
Heavy Atom Count	26
Complexity	695
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
InChi Key	AZAZKLKDEOMJBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C22H33NO3/c1-4-23-10-20(3)6-5-17(25)22-15(20)7-13(18(22)23)21-9-12(11(2)19(21)26)14(24)8-16(21)22/h12-19,24-26H,2,4-10H2,1,3H3
Chemical Name	11-ethyl-13-methyl-6-methylidene-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.15,8.01,10.02,8.013,17]nonadecane-4,7,16-triol
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

References	[1]. Anti-inflammatory activity of diterpene alkaloids from Aconitum baikalense. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2014 Mar;156(5):665-8. [2]. Regeneratory characteristics of complex extract and isolated diterpene alkaloids of Aconitum baikalense. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2012 Feb;152(4):439-43.
Additional Infomation	12-Epinapelline is a kaurane diterpenoid. 12-Epinapelline has been reported in Aconitum flavum, Aconitum japonicum, and other organisms with data available.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~278.16 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.95 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.95 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	2.7816 mL	13.9082 mL	27.8164 mL
	5 mM	0.5563 mL	2.7816 mL	5.5633 mL
	10 mM	0.2782 mL	1.3908 mL	2.7816 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.