ζ-Stat (NSC37044) is a specific and atypical inhibitor of PKC-ζ with IC50 of 5 μM. ζ-Stat reduces proliferation and causes apoptosis in melanoma cell lines and has anticancer effect in vitro.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C10H8O10S3
Molecular Weight	384.36
Exact Mass	383.928
CAS #	3316-02-7
PubChem CID	76828
Appearance	Light brown to brown solid powder
Density	2.019g/cm3
Index of Refraction	1.741
LogP	3.527
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	10
Rotatable Bond Count	3
Heavy Atom Count	23
Complexity	751
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
InChi Key	KMXMLAGYNHELHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C10H8O10S3/c11-8-3-6(21(12,13)14)1-5-2-7(22(15,16)17)4-9(10(5)8)23(18,19)20/h1-4,11H,(H,12,13,14)(H,15,16,17)(H,18,19,20)
Chemical Name	8-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

Targets	aPKC-ζ 5 μM (IC50)
ln Vitro	At the 5 μM level, ζ-Stat (0.1 – 20 μM) demonstrated a considerable 51% inhibition of PKC-ζ, whereas at 20 μM, it only showed 13% [1]. With increasing doses, ζ-Stat (0.1-10 μM; 3 d) dramatically inhibits the cell growth of MeWo and SK-MEL-2 [1]. LoVo CRC cell viability can be decreased by more than 75% when 5-FU and ζ-Stat (7 or 10 μM; 24-72 h) are used together [2]. In SK-MEL-2 and MeWo cells, Ε-Stat (5 μM; 3 d) significantly reduces the levels of phosphorylated and total PKC-ζ, Bcl-2, and PARP and increases the levels of Caspase-3 and cleaved PARP [1]. When applied to MEL-F-NEO, SK-MEL-2, and MeWo cells, ζ-Stat (5 μM; 1–10 hours) does not significantly harm them [1].
Cell Assay	Cell Proliferation Assay[1] Cell Types: MEL-F-NEO, SK-MEL-2 and MeWo cells Tested Concentrations: 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 µM Incubation Duration: 3 days Experimental Results: diminished proliferation by 47.7 % for 5 µM in SK-MEL-2 cells and by 50.6% for 5 µM in MeWo cells. demonstrated significant inhibitions on MEL-F-NEO cells 19.3% (P ≤ 0.05) at 10 μM. Western Blot Analysis[1] Cell Types: SK-MEL-2 and MeWo cells Tested Concentrations: 5 µM Incubation Duration: 3 days Experimental Results: diminished phosphorylated and total PKC-ζ levels.
References	[1]. Oncogenic PKC-ι activates Vimentin during epithelial-mesenchymal transition in melanoma; a study based on PKC-ι and PKC-ζ specific inhibitors. Cell Adh Migr. 2018; 12(5):447-463. [2]. Atypical Protein Kinase-C inhibitors exhibit a synergistic effect in facilitating DNA damaging effect of 5-fluorouracil in colorectal cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother. 2020 Jan; 121:109665.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)	H2O: 62.5 mg/mL (162.61 mM)
Solubility (In Vivo)	Solubility in Formulation 1: 100 mg/mL (260.17 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	2.6017 mL	13.0086 mL	26.0173 mL
	5 mM	0.5203 mL	2.6017 mL	5.2035 mL
	10 mM	0.2602 mL	1.3009 mL	2.6017 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.