o-Phenanthroline (1,10-Phenanthroline) is a metal chelator that prevents streptozotocin-induced chromosomal aberrations. o-Phenanthroline (1,10-Phenanthroline) forms a red chelate with Fe2+, with maximum absorption at 510 nm. o-Phenanthroline (1,10-Phenanthroline) is also an inhibitor (blocker/antagonist) of MMPs.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C12H8N2
Molecular Weight	180.2053
Exact Mass	180.068
CAS #	66-71-7
Related CAS #	o-Phenanthroline monohydrate;5144-89-8;o-Phenanthroline-d8;90412-47-8
PubChem CID	1318
Appearance	White to off-white solid powder
Density	1.3±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point	365.1±15.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point	114-117 °C(lit.)
Flash Point	164.8±11.7 °C
Vapour Pressure	0.0±0.8 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.740
LogP	1.78
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	2
Rotatable Bond Count	0
Heavy Atom Count	14
Complexity	183
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
InChi Key	DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C12H8N2/c1-3-9-5-6-10-4-2-8-14-12(10)11(9)13-7-1/h1-8H
Chemical Name	1,10-phenanthroline
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: (1). This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage.(2). Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro	O-phenanthroline (1,10-phenanthroline, 1mM) suppresses bits sea cucumber body wall autolysis [2].
References	[1]. Synergistic inhibition between o-phenanthroline and chloride ion on cold rolled steel corrosion in phosphoric acid. Materials Chemistry and Physics Volume 86, Issue 1, 15 July 2004, Pages 59-68. [2]. The role of matrix metalloprotease (MMP) to the autolysis of sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus). J Sci Food Agric. 2019 Oct;99(13):5752-5759.
Additional Infomation	1,10-phenanthroline is a phenanthroline. It has a role as an EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor and an EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor. Phenanthroline is a heterocyclic organic compound. 1,10-Phenanthroline is an inhibitor of metallopeptidases, especially carboxypeptidase A. Inhibition of the enzyme occurs by removal and chelation of the metal ion required for catalytic activity, leaving an inactive apoenzyme. 1,10-Phenanthroline targets mainly zinc metallopeptidases, with a much lower affinity for calcium metallopeptidases.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~554.91 mM) Ethanol : ~50 mg/mL (~277.45 mM) H2O : ~2 mg/mL (~11.10 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.87 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.87 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.87 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	5.5491 mL	27.7454 mL	55.4908 mL
	5 mM	1.1098 mL	5.5491 mL	11.0982 mL
	10 mM	0.5549 mL	2.7745 mL	5.5491 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.