Valnoctamide (Valmethamide) is an analogue of Valproate that may be used to be utilized in study/research of epilepsy that is resistant to benzodiazepine active molecules. Valnoctamide (Valmethamide) acts directly on GABAA receptors.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C8H17NO
Molecular Weight	143.23
Exact Mass	143.131
CAS #	4171-13-5
Related CAS #	Valnoctamide-d5;1190015-82-7
PubChem CID	20140
Appearance	White to light brown solid powder
Density	0.883g/cm3
Boiling Point	274.4ºC at 760mmHg
Melting Point	113.5-114ºC
Flash Point	119.8ºC
Index of Refraction	1.438
LogP	2.244
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	1
Rotatable Bond Count	4
Heavy Atom Count	10
Complexity	112
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
InChi Key	QRCJOCOSPZMDJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C8H17NO/c1-4-6(3)7(5-2)8(9)10/h6-7H,4-5H2,1-3H3,(H2,9,10)
Chemical Name	2-ethyl-3-methylpentanamide
Synonyms	MI-181 MI181 Valnoctamide
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

References	[1]. Valnoctamide enhances phasic inhibition: a potential target mechanism for the treatment of benzodiazepine-refractory status epilepticus. Epilepsia. 2014 Sep;55(9):e94-8.
Additional Infomation	Valnoctamide is a fatty amide. Valnoctamide has been used in trials studying the treatment of Mania and Schizoaffective Disorder, Manic Type.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (~698.18 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (17.45 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (17.45 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (17.45 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	6.9818 mL	34.9089 mL	69.8178 mL
	5 mM	1.3964 mL	6.9818 mL	13.9636 mL
	10 mM	0.6982 mL	3.4909 mL	6.9818 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.