Valnemulin HCl, the hydrochloride salt of Valnemulin, is a pleuromutilin antibiotic with a wide-spectrum of antibiotic/antibacterial activity against mycoplasma and spirochete. It has been used for gastrointestinal disorders, and acts as a protein synthesis inhibitor. Valnemulin is commonly used as a veterinary drug. It can prevent and control swine dysentery, ileitis, colitis and other intestinal diseases, as well as swine asthma and other respiratory diseases.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C31H53CLN2O5S
Molecular Weight	601.284
Exact Mass	600.336
Elemental Analysis	C, 61.92; H, 8.88; Cl, 5.90; N, 4.66; O, 13.30; S, 5.33
CAS #	133868-46-9
Related CAS #	101312-92-9;133868-46-9 (HCl);
PubChem CID	60195218
Appearance	White to off-white solid powder
Boiling Point	672.7ºC at 760 mmHg
Flash Point	360.6ºC
LogP	6.397
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	7
Rotatable Bond Count	10
Heavy Atom Count	40
Complexity	969
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	9
SMILES	C[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@](C)(C[C@H]1OC(CSC(C)(C)CNC([C@H](N)C(C)C)=O)=O)C=C)O)C(CCC2=O)(CC[C@H]3C)[C@]2([H])C31C.Cl
InChi Key	MFBPRQKHDIVLOJ-AFFLPQGKSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C31H52N2O5S.ClH/c1-10-29(8)15-22(38-23(35)16-39-28(6,7)17-33-27(37)24(32)18(2)3)30(9)19(4)11-13-31(20(5)26(29)36)14-12-21(34)25(30)31;/h10,18-20,22,24-26,36H,1,11-17,32H2,2-9H3,(H,33,37);1H/t19-,20+,22-,24-,25+,26+,29-,30+,31+;/m1./s1
Chemical Name	[(1S,2R,3S,4S,6R,7R,8R,14R)-4-ethenyl-3-hydroxy-2,4,7,14-tetramethyl-9-oxo-6-tricyclo[5.4.3.01,8]tetradecanyl] 2-[1-[[(2R)-2-amino-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-2-methylpropan-2-yl]sulfanylacetate;hydrochloride
Synonyms	Valnemulin hydrochlordie; Valnemulin HCl; Econor;
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

References

[1]. Research in Veterinary Science, Volume 78, Issue 3, June 2005, Pages 207–215.

Additional Infomation

See also: Valnemulin (has active moiety). Drug Indication PigsThe treatment and prevention of swine dysentery. The treatment of clinical signs of porcine proliferative enteropathy (ileitis). The prevention of clinical signs of porcine colonic spirochaetosis (colitis) when the disease has been diagnosed in the herd. Treatment and prevention of swine enzootic pneumonia. At the recommended dosage of 10–12 mg/kg bodyweight lung lesions and weight loss are reduced, but infection with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is not eliminated. RabbitsReduction of mortality during an outbreak of epizootic rabbit enteropathy (ERE). Treatment should be started early in the outbreak, when the first rabbit has been diagnosed with the disease clinically.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

H2O : ~100 mg/mL (~166.31 mM) Ethanol : ~100 mg/mL DMSO : ~ 100 mg/mL (~166.31 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.16 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.16 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.16 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. Solubility in Formulation 4: 10% DMSO+40% PEG300+5% Tween-80+45% Saline: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.16 mM) Solubility in Formulation 5: 100 mg/mL (166.31 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	1.6631 mL	8.3156 mL	16.6312 mL
	5 mM	0.3326 mL	1.6631 mL	3.3262 mL
	10 mM	0.1663 mL	0.8316 mL	1.6631 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.