Uric acid sodium (Monosodium urate) is an oxygen radical scavenger and a very important antioxidant that helps maintain the stability of blood pressure and resist oxidative stress. Uric acid sodium can scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as singlet oxygen and peroxynitrite, and inhibit lipid peroxidation.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C5H3N4NAO3
Exact Mass	190.01
CAS #	1198-77-2
Related CAS #	Uric acid;69-93-2
PubChem CID	23697816
Appearance	White to off-white solid powder
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	4
Rotatable Bond Count	0
Heavy Atom Count	13
Complexity	337
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
InChi Key	NAFSTSRULRIERK-UHFFFAOYSA-M
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C5H4N4O3.Na/c10-3-1-2(7-4(11)6-1)8-5(12)9-3;/h(H4,6,7,8,9,10,11,12);/q;+1/p-1
Chemical Name	sodium;3,7-dihydropurin-9-ide-2,6,8-trione
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

Targets	Human Endogenous Metabolite
ln Vitro	Sodium (400 μM; 48 hours) prevents lipid peroxidation caused by indomethacin in Caco-2 cells [2]. When cells were treated with both indomethacin and uric acid (200 μM IND plus 400 μM UA; 24 hours), the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was much lower than when cells were incubated with indomethacin alone. When Caco-2 cells were treated with both indomethacin and Uric acid sodium (200 μM IND plus 400 μM UA) for 24 hours, their cell viability was higher than when cells were only treated with indomethacin. Because of its antioxidant properties, sodium urate protects intestinal cells against alterations brought on by indomethacin [2].
ln Vivo	The enteropathy caused by indomethacin is improved by uric acid sodium (250 mg/kg; oral)[2]. In a mouse model of enteropathy produced by indomethacin, oral treatment of uric acid sodium decreases the formation of ROS in the ileum[2].
Animal Protocol	Animal/Disease Models: Eightweeks old male C57BL/6J mice[2] Doses: 250 mg/kg body weight Route of Administration: Po Experimental Results: When mice treated with indomethacin were concurrently administered uric acid orally, ulcer areas were Dramatically decreased, in a uric acid dose-dependent manner.
References	[1]. Uric acid ameliorates indomethacin-induced enteropathy in mice through its antioxidant activity. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;32(11):1839-1845. [2]. Recent Progress on Uric Acid Detection: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem. 2020;50(4):359-375.
Additional Infomation	An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

1M NaOH: 8.33 mg/mL (43.82 mM) DMSO: 3.12 mg/mL (16.41 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)