Triacetonamine (2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-4-piperidone) hydrochloride is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceutical products, pesticides and polymer light stabilizers. Triacetonamine hydrochloride is orally active and can induce acute liver failure (ALF) in rats.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C9H18CLNO
Molecular Weight	191.70
Exact Mass	191.107
CAS #	33973-59-0
Related CAS #	826-36-8 (Parent)
PubChem CID	94452
Appearance	Yellow to brown solid powder
Density	0.882g/cm3
Boiling Point	205.6ºC at 760mmHg
Melting Point	198 °C (dec.)(lit.)
Flash Point	73.2ºC
LogP	2.626
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	2
Rotatable Bond Count	0
Heavy Atom Count	12
Complexity	164
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
InChi Key	ZXNWYMNKYXUZGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C9H17NO.ClH/c1-8(2)5-7(11)6-9(3,4)10-8;/h10H,5-6H2,1-4H3;1H
Chemical Name	2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-one;hydrochloride
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vivo	Triacetonamine (purchased from MCE; 200 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg/Kg/day; gavage; 2 days) hydrochloride showed typical ALF hepatointestinal pathology at doses of 300 mg/Kg/day and 400 mg/Kg/day, while the mortality rate was higher in the 400 mg/Kg/day group [2].
Animal Protocol	Animal/Disease Models: Rats (half male and female, 6-8 weeks old, 200 ± 10 g)[2] Doses: 200 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg/Kg Route of Administration: Gavage; daily; 2 days Experimental Results: Showed typical hepatoenteropathology of ALF with 300 mg/Kg/day and 400 mg/Kg/day, while the group of 400 mg/Kg/day had higher mortality.
References	[1].Application of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Effectively Eliminates Endotoxemia to Protect Rat from Acute Liver Failure Induced by Thioacetamide. Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2022 Apr;19(2):403-415.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

Typically soluble in DMSO (e.g. 10 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	5.2165 mL	26.0824 mL	52.1648 mL
	5 mM	1.0433 mL	5.2165 mL	10.4330 mL
	10 mM	0.5216 mL	2.6082 mL	5.2165 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.