Tirilazad is a nonglucocorticoid, 21-aminosteroid that can inhibit lipid peroxidation. Tirilazad may reduce brain or spinal cord damage caused by trauma, stroke, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Tirilazad has anti-viral effect against novel pneumonia viruses. Tirilazad is neuro-protective (neuro-protection) in ischemic stroke and may be utilized in the research on subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C38H52N6O2
Molecular Weight	624.85848
Exact Mass	624.415
CAS #	110101-66-1
Related CAS #	Tirilazad mesylate;110101-67-2
PubChem CID	104903
Appearance	Off-white to light yellow solid powder
Density	1.25g/cm3
Boiling Point	812.9ºC at 760mmHg
Flash Point	445.4ºC
Vapour Pressure	1.71E-26mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.646
LogP	5.591
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	8
Rotatable Bond Count	6
Heavy Atom Count	46
Complexity	1290
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	6
SMILES	O=C1C=C[C@@]2(C3=CC[C@@]4([C@H]([C@@H](C[C@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1)C)C(CN1CCN(C2C=C(N3CCCC3)N=C(N3CCCC3)N=2)CC1)=O)C)C
InChi Key	RBKASMJPSJDQKY-RBFSKHHSSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C38H52N6O2/c1-26-22-31-29-9-8-27-23-28(45)10-12-37(27,2)30(29)11-13-38(31,3)35(26)32(46)25-41-18-20-43(21-19-41)34-24-33(42-14-4-5-15-42)39-36(40-34)44-16-6-7-17-44/h10-12,23-24,26,29,31,35H,4-9,13-22,25H2,1-3H3/t26-,29-,31+,35-,37+,38+/m1/s1
Chemical Name	(8S,10S,13S,14S,16R,17S)-17-[2-[4-(2,6-dipyrrolidin-1-ylpyrimidin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl]acetyl]-10,13,16-trimethyl-6,7,8,12,14,15,16,17-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ADME/Pharmacokinetics	Metabolism / Metabolites Tirilazad has known human metabolites that include (8S,10R,13S,14S,16R,17S)-17-[2-[4-(2,6-dipyrrolidin-1-ylpyrimidin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl]acetyl]-6-hydroxy-10,13,16-trimethyl-6,7,8,12,14,15,16,17-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one, 17-[2-[4-(2,6-dipyrrolidin-1-ylpyrimidin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl]acetyl]-6-hydroxy-10,13,16-trimethyl-6,7,8,12,14,15,16,17-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one, 17-[2-[4-[2-(3-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-pyrrolidin-1-ylpyrimidin-4-yl]piperazin-1-yl]acetyl]-10,13,16-trimethyl-6,7,8,12,14,15,16,17-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one, and 17-[2-[4-[6-(3-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-pyrrolidin-1-ylpyrimidin-4-yl]piperazin-1-yl]acetyl]-10,13,16-trimethyl-6,7,8,12,14,15,16,17-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one.
References	[1]. Tirilazad for acute ischaemic stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001;(4):CD002087. [2]. Tirilazad for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Feb 17;(2):CD006778. [3]. Tirilazad mesylate in acute ischemic stroke: A systematic review. Tirilazad International Steering Committee. Stroke. 2000 Sep;31(9):2257-65.
Additional Infomation	Tirilazad is a corticosteroid hormone. Tirilazad has been used in trials studying the treatment of Spinal Cord Injury.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	1.6004 mL	8.0018 mL	16.0036 mL
	5 mM	0.3201 mL	1.6004 mL	3.2007 mL
	10 mM	0.1600 mL	0.8002 mL	1.6004 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.