Tiamulin fumarate is a novel and potent diterpenic veterinary drug.that widely used in swine for the control of infectious diseases, including swine dysentery and enzootic pneumonia.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C28H47NO4S.C4H4O4
Molecular Weight	609.814
Exact Mass	609.333
Elemental Analysis	C, 63.03; H, 8.43; N, 2.30; O, 20.99; S, 5.26
CAS #	55297-96-6
Related CAS #	Tiamulin;55297-95-5
PubChem CID	23725049
Appearance	White to off-white solid powder
Boiling Point	563ºCat 760 mmHg
Melting Point	147-148°C
Flash Point	294.3ºC
LogP	4.679
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	10
Rotatable Bond Count	12
Heavy Atom Count	42
Complexity	889
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	8
SMILES	O=C(O[C@H]1[C@]([C@H](C)CC2)(C)[C@@](C(CC3)=O)([H])[C@]32[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@](C)(C=C)C1)CSCCN(CC)CC.O=C(O)/C=C/C(O)=O
InChi Key	YXQXDXAHCSEVSD-GCYNEOGWSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C28H47NO4S.C4H4O4/c1-8-26(6)17-22(33-23(31)18-34-16-15-29(9-2)10-3)27(7)19(4)11-13-28(20(5)25(26)32)14-12-21(30)24(27)28;5-3(6)1-2-4(7)8/h8,19-20,22,24-25,32H,1,9-18H2,2-7H3;1-2H,(H,5,6)(H,7,8)/b;2-1+/t19-,20+,22-,24+,25+,26-,27+,28+;/m1./s1
Chemical Name	(3aR,4R,5R,7S,8S,9R,9aS,12R)-8-Hydroxy-4,7,9,12-tetramethyl-3-oxo-7-vinyldecahydro-4,9a-propanocyclopenta[8]annulen-5-yl 2-((2-(diethylamino)ethyl)thio)acetate Fumarate
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro	Tiamulin fumarate, a semisynthetic substitute for the diterpenoid antibiotic pleuromutilin, is useful for researching neck inflammation, which is primarily brought on by mycoplasma [1]. Tiamulin is Gram Active against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Clostridium, Mysterella), but it is less effective against Gram-negative bacteria (Pasteurella, Klebsiella, Haemophilus, Clostridium, Campylobacter, Bacteroidetes)[1]. It is also active in vitro against strains of mycoplasma (Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Mycoplasma synoviae, M. meleagridis, and M. iowae), spirochetes (Brachyspira porcine diarrhea, Brachyspira asexualis, Brachyspira pilosa, and Brachyspira intermedius), and mycoplasma strains of mycoplasma. In ribosomal peptidyl transfer groove enzymes, trimulin fumarate binds to rRNA, preventing tRNA's CCA termination from being correctly positioned to support peptidyl transferase and the subsequent synthesis of protein [1].
ln Vivo	Treatment of poultry-destroying spirochete illness in breeders and laying hens using tiamulin fumarate (25 mg/kg for 5 days) proved highly efficient in a trial including artificial infections with B. trichocystis and B. intermedius [1].
References	[1]. Metabolism of tritium- and carbon-14-labeled tiamulin in dogs, rats, and pigs. J Antibiot (Tokyo). 1979 May;32(5):496-503.
Additional Infomation	See also: Tiamulin (has active moiety); Tiamulin Hydrogen Fumarate (annotation moved to).

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (~163.99 mM) H2O : ~100 mg/mL (~163.99 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.10 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.10 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.10 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. Solubility in Formulation 4: 100 mg/mL (163.99 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	1.6399 mL	8.1993 mL	16.3986 mL
	5 mM	0.3280 mL	1.6399 mL	3.2797 mL
	10 mM	0.1640 mL	0.8199 mL	1.6399 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.