TMPD di-HCl, a readily oxidizable compound, is an enzymatically converted redox-active substrate molecule. TMPD di-HCl is also an electron donor and serves as a reducing co-substrate for heme peroxidase. TMPD di-HCl is also a complex IV substrate.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C10H18CL2N2
Molecular Weight	237.17
Exact Mass	236.084
CAS #	637-01-4
PubChem CID	71561
Appearance	Off-white to gray solid powder
Boiling Point	260.6ºC at 760 mmHg
Melting Point	222-224 °C(lit.)
Flash Point	104.9ºC
LogP	3.422
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	2
Rotatable Bond Count	2
Heavy Atom Count	14
Complexity	108
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
SMILES	Cl[H].Cl[H].N(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C1C([H])=C([H])C(=C([H])C=1[H])N(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H]
InChi Key	FBHKTSXMTASXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C10H16N2.2ClH/c1-11(2)9-5-7-10(8-6-9)12(3)4;;/h5-8H,1-4H3;2*1H
Chemical Name	1-N,1-N,4-N,4-N-tetramethylbenzene-1,4-diamine;dihydrochloride
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro	In cell culture and microbiology, TMPD (N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-para-phenylene-diamine) is used to discriminate between pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria as well as organisms that have cytochrome c oxidase activity. The oxidation of TMPD by microorganisms is a widely recognized concept in colorimetry for bacterial oxidases, due to the formation of the radical cation TMPD+, which exhibits a distinctive deep blue color. Numerous infections can be targeted by bacterial oxidases that electrochemically recognize the TMPD Oxidation[1].
References	[1]. S Kuss, et al. Electrochemical recognition and quantification of cytochrome c expression in Bacillus subtilis and aerobe/anaerobe Escherichia coli using N, N, N', N'-tetramethyl- para-phenylene-diamine (TMPD). Chem Sci. 2017 Nov 1;8(11):7682-7688. [2]. Nenad Petrovic, et al. Using N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD) to assay cyclooxygenase activity in vitro. Methods Mol Biol. 2010;594:129-40. [3]. Franco A Rossato, et al. Fatty acid synthase inhibitors induce apoptosis in non-tumorigenic melan-a cells associated with inhibition of mitochondrial respiration. PLoS One. 2014 Jun 25;9(6):e101060.
Additional Infomation	Used in the form of the hydrochloride as a reagent in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

H2O: 100 mg/mL (421.64 mM) DMSO: 16.67 mg/mL (70.29 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 1.67 mg/mL (7.04 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 16.7 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: 100 mg/mL (421.64 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	4.2164 mL	21.0819 mL	42.1638 mL
	5 mM	0.8433 mL	4.2164 mL	8.4328 mL
	10 mM	0.4216 mL	2.1082 mL	4.2164 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.