Scoulerine ((-)-Sculerine) is a potent antimitotic compound. Scoulerine is also an inhibitor (blocker/antagonist) of BACE1 (amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1). Scoulerine inhibits cell proliferation/growth, arrests the cell cycle, and causes apoptosis in cancer cells.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C19H21NO4
Molecular Weight	327.37
Exact Mass	327.147
CAS #	6451-73-6
PubChem CID	439654
Appearance	Off-white to pink solid powder
Density	1.4±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point	503.3±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point	192ºC
Flash Point	258.2±30.1 °C
Vapour Pressure	0.0±1.3 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.680
LogP	2.16
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	5
Rotatable Bond Count	2
Heavy Atom Count	24
Complexity	447
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	1
SMILES	COC1=C(C2=C(C[C@H]3C4=CC(=C(C=C4CCN3C2)OC)O)C=C1)O
InChi Key	KNWVMRVOBAFFMH-HNNXBMFYSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C19H21NO4/c1-23-17-4-3-11-7-15-13-9-16(21)18(24-2)8-12(13)5-6-20(15)10-14(11)19(17)22/h3-4,8-9,15,21-22H,5-7,10H2,1-2H3/t15-/m0/s1
Chemical Name	(13aS)-3,10-dimethoxy-6,8,13,13a-tetrahydro-5H-isoquinolino[2,1-b]isoquinoline-2,9-diol
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro	(-)-Sculerine, with IC50s ranging from 2.7 µM to 6.5 µM, suppresses a mini-panel of human leukemic cells, including MOLT-4 (WT), Raji (TP53 mutant), Jurkat (TP53 mutated), HL-60 (TP53 null), U-937 (TP53 mutated), and HEL 92.1.7 (wild-type)[1]. The growth of Jurkat and MOLT-4 cells is inhibited by scopulerine (2.5–20 µM; 24 hours)[1]. MOLT-4 and Jurkat cells undergo apoptosis when exposed to (2.5–20 µM; 24 hours)[1]. Induced G2 or M cell cycle arrest is caused by scopulerine [1]. p53 protein is upregulated in p53 wild-type MOLT-4 cells when scoulerine (2.5–5 µM) is applied for 24 hours[1]. Activation of caspase-3/7, -8, and -9 is dose-dependent and occurs at 2.5–5 µM over a 24-48-hour period[1]. The microtubule structure of A549 lung cancer cells is disrupted by scopulerine (5–10 µM) over a 24-hour period[1].
Cell Assay	Cell Proliferation Assay[1] Cell Types: Jurkat and MOLT -4 cells Tested Concentrations: 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 µM Incubation Duration: 24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Dramatically decreased the viability and proliferation of Jurkat and MOLT-4 cells in a dose dependent manner. Apoptosis Analysis[1] Cell Types: MOLT -4 and Jurkat cells Tested Concentrations: 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 µM Incubation Duration: 24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Induced MOLT-4 and Jurkat cells apoptosis. Cell Cycle Analysis[1] Cell Types: Jurkat and MOLT-4 leukemic cells Tested Concentrations: 2.5-20 µM Incubation Duration: 16 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M transition. Western Blot Analysis[1] Cell Types: MOLT-4 cells Tested Concentrations: 2.5, 5 µM Incubation Duration: 24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: demonstrated an upregulation of p53 protein in p53 wild-type MOLT-4 cells.
References	[1]. Scoulerine affects microtubule structure, inhibits proliferation, arrests cell cycle and thus culminates in the apoptotic death of cancer cells. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):4829. Published 2018 Mar 19.
Additional Infomation	(S)-scoulerine is a berberine alkaloid isolated from Corydalis saxicola. It has a role as an EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor and a plant metabolite. It is an organic heterotetracyclic compound and a berberine alkaloid. (S)-Scoulerine has been reported in Corydalis solida, Corydalis balansae, and other organisms with data available.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (305.46 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (6.35 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (6.35 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	3.0546 mL	15.2732 mL	30.5465 mL
	5 mM	0.6109 mL	3.0546 mL	6.1093 mL
	10 mM	0.3055 mL	1.5273 mL	3.0546 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.