Salviolone is a natural diterpene analogue that fights melanoma cells. Salviolone displays pleiotropic effects on melanoma by impeding cell cycle progression, STAT3 signaling, and the malignant phenotype of A375 melanoma cells.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C18H20O2
Molecular Weight	268.35
Exact Mass	268.146
CAS #	119400-86-1
PubChem CID	10355691
Appearance	Light yellow to yellow solid powder
LogP	3.827
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	2
Rotatable Bond Count	0
Heavy Atom Count	20
Complexity	649
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
InChi Key	QATRODNHXVHGNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C18H20O2/c1-11-9-12-6-7-15-13(5-4-8-18(15,2)3)14(12)10-16(19)17(11)20/h6-7,9-10H,4-5,8H2,1-3H3,(H,19,20)
Chemical Name	9-hydroxy-4,4,8-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-cyclohepta[a]naphthalen-10-one
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro	Salviolone (5-60 μM; 72 hours) has an EC50 value of 17 μM for melanoma cell lines and 22 μM for MeWo cell lines, which indicates that it reduces cell viability. Normal melanocyte growth is not impacted by salviolone [1]. Salviolone (20 μM; 48–72 hours) significantly lowers the phosphorylated expression levels of Tyr705–STAT3, pRb, and pCdk2 in A375 cells. Additionally, salviolone significantly raises the levels of P21 and P53 protein expression. Salviolone phosphorylates Akt and activates ERK1/2 over an extended period of time [1]. In the A375 melanoma cell line, salviolone (10–20 μM) inhibits MMP2 gelatinase activity [1].
Cell Assay	Cell Viability Assay[1] Cell Types: A375, MeWo melanoma cells, and NHEM cells Tested Concentrations: 5 μM, 10 μM, 20 μM, 30 μM, 40 μM, 50 μM, 60 μM Incubation Duration: 72 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Impaired the viability of melanoma cells without affecting the growth of normal melanocytes. Western Blot Analysis[1] Cell Types: A375 cells Tested Concentrations: 20 μM Incubation Duration: 48 hrs (hours), 72 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: diminished the expression of the active forms of Cdk2 (pCdk2) and cyclin A2, and the phosphorylation of Rb.
References	[1]. Salviolone from Salvia miltiorrhiza Roots Impairs Cell Cycle Progression, Colony Formation, and Metalloproteinase-2 Activity in A375 Melanoma Cells: Involvement of P21(Cip1/Waf1) Expression and STAT3 Phosphorylation. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Jan 20;23(3):1121.
Additional Infomation	Salviolone has been reported in Salvia miltiorrhiza and Salvia paramiltiorrhiza with data available.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	3.7265 mL	18.6324 mL	37.2648 mL
	5 mM	0.7453 mL	3.7265 mL	7.4530 mL
	10 mM	0.3726 mL	1.8632 mL	3.7265 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.