Safranin (Safranin T) is an important and classic phenazine dye. Safranin is extensively used in academic circles as a spectroscopic probe and indicator. Safranin has a planar structure and a cationic charge. It can be easily inserted into biological macromolecules such as DNA and proteins. Safranin could be utilized as a redox indicator in the determination of metal ion concentrations.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C20H19CLN4
Molecular Weight	350.84
Exact Mass	350.129
CAS #	477-73-6
Related CAS #	69882-16-2
PubChem CID	2723800
Appearance	Purple to black solid powder
Density	1.00 g/mL at 20 °C
Flash Point	46 °C
Index of Refraction	n20/D 1.339
LogP	1.612
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	4
Rotatable Bond Count	1
Heavy Atom Count	25
Complexity	405
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
InChi Key	OARRHUQTFTUEOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C20H18N4.ClH/c1-12-8-17-19(10-15(12)21)24(14-6-4-3-5-7-14)20-11-16(22)13(2)9-18(20)23-17;/h3-11H,1-2H3,(H3,21,22);1H
Chemical Name	3,7-dimethyl-10-phenylphenazin-10-ium-2,8-diamine;chloride
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ADME/Pharmacokinetics	Absorption, Distribution and Excretion ...CATIONIC DYES PENETRATE INTO CELLS & STAIN CELL NUCLEI MORE READILY THAN DO ANIONIC DYES.
References	[1]. Structure characterization and optical properties investigation of the four main components of the classical phenazinium dye Safranin O. Analyst. 2019;144(24):7149-7156.
Additional Infomation	Safranin O is an organic chloride salt having 3,7-diamino-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium as the counterion. It is commonly used for staining Gram negative bacteria. It has a role as a fluorochrome and a histological dye. It contains a 3,7-diamino-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium. See also: Phenosafranine (annotation moved to).

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO: 25 mg/mL (71.26 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: 2.5 mg/mL (7.13 mM) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	2.8503 mL	14.2515 mL	28.5030 mL
	5 mM	0.5701 mL	2.8503 mL	5.7006 mL
	10 mM	0.2850 mL	1.4252 mL	2.8503 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.