ST1936 is a selective nanomolar affinity 5-HT6 receptor agonist/activator with Kis of 13 nM, 168 nM and 245 nM for human 5-HT6, 5-HT7 and 5-HT2B receptors respectively. ST1936 also shows moderate affinity (Ki of 300 nM) for human and rat α2-adrenergic receptors.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C13H17CLN2
Molecular Weight	236.74
Exact Mass	236.108
CAS #	1210-81-7
Related CAS #	ST1936 oxalate;1782228-83-4
PubChem CID	9921064
Appearance	White to light yellow solid powder
Density	1.2±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point	377.0±42.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point	181.8±27.9 °C
Vapour Pressure	0.0±0.9 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.614
LogP	3.31
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	1
Rotatable Bond Count	3
Heavy Atom Count	16
Complexity	232
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
SMILES	CN(CCC1=C(C)NC2=CC=C(C=C12)Cl)C
InChi Key	KSYMELKKLOFABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C13H17ClN2/c1-9-11(6-7-16(2)3)12-8-10(14)4-5-13(12)15-9/h4-5,8,15H,6-7H2,1-3H3
Chemical Name	2-(5-chloro-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-N,N-dimethylethanamine
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

Targets	5-HT6 Receptor 13 nM (Ki) 5-HT7 Receptor 168 nM (Ki) 5-HT2B Receptor 245 nM (Ki) α1-adrenergic receptor 390 nM (Ki, rat) α2-adrenergic receptor 300 nM (Ki, rat) α2-adrenergic receptor 300 nM (Ki, human)
ln Vitro	ST1936 was tested in a broad crossreactivity panel that included G-protein-coupled receptors, ion channel binding sites, transporters, enzymes, and 5-HT6 receptors. It has demonstrated affinity for 5-HT2B, 5-HT1A, 5-HT7, and α-adrenergic receptors, but it appears to be relatively selective for 5-HT6 receptors[1]. In cloned cells, ST1936 acts as a complete 5-HT6 agonist and can raise Ca2+ levels, phosphorylate Fyn kinase, and control the activation of ERK1/2, which is Fyn kinase's downstream target[2]. With an IC50 of 1.3 μM, ST1936 lowers the frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents[3].
ln Vivo	In the prefrontal cortex (PFCX), ST1936 (5, 10, 20 mg/kg; ip) raises extracellular dopamine (DA) and NA levels in a dose-dependent manner[4]. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) core's extracellular DA and NA levels are raised by ST1936 (5, 10, 20 mg/kg; ip). Dialysate DA (peak: 179%) is increased by doses of 10 mg/kg, but dialysate NA (231% and 201%, respectively) is increased by greater doses. Five milligrams per kilogram has no effect[4].
References	[1]. Borsini F, et al. Effects of ST1936, a selective serotonin-6 agonist, on electrical activity of putative mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons in the rat brain. J Psychopharmacol. 2015 Jul;29(7):802-11. [2]. Riccioni T, et al. ST1936 stimulates cAMP, Ca2+, ERK1/2 and Fyn kinase through a full activation of cloned human 5-HT6 receptors. Eur J Pharmacol. 2011;661(1-3):8-14. [3]. Tassone A, et al. Activation of 5-HT6 receptors inhibits corticostriatal glutamatergic transmission. Neuropharmacology. 2011;61(4):632-637. [4]. Valentini V, et al. A microdialysis study of ST1936, a novel 5-HT6 receptor agonist. Neuropharmacology. 2011;60(4):602-608.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO: 100 mg/mL (422.40 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (10.56 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (10.56 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (10.56 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	4.2240 mL	21.1202 mL	42.2404 mL
	5 mM	0.8448 mL	4.2240 mL	8.4481 mL
	10 mM	0.4224 mL	2.1120 mL	4.2240 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.