Resolvin D2 is a metabolite of DHA that has anti~inflammatory and anti-infectious activities. Resolvin D2 is a potent leukocyte regulator that controls microbial sepsis. In primary sensory neurons, Resolvin D2 is a potent inhibitor of TRPV1 (IC50 = 0.1 nM) and TRPA1 (IC50 = 2 nM).

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C22H32O5
Molecular Weight	376.48648
Exact Mass	376.224
CAS #	810668-37-2
Related CAS #	Resolvin D2-d5;1881277-33-3
PubChem CID	11383310
Appearance	Colorless to light yellow liquid
Density	1.1±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point	609.2±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point	336.3±28.0 °C
Vapour Pressure	0.0±4.0 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.559
LogP	2.7
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	5
Rotatable Bond Count	14
Heavy Atom Count	27
Complexity	555
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	3
SMILES	CC/C=C\C[C@@H]([C@@H](/C=C/C=C/C=C\C=C\[C@H](C/C=C\CCC(=O)O)O)O)O
InChi Key	IKFAUGXNBOBQDM-XFMPMKITSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C22H32O5/c1-2-3-9-16-20(24)21(25)17-12-7-5-4-6-10-14-19(23)15-11-8-13-18-22(26)27/h3-12,14,17,19-21,23-25H,2,13,15-16,18H2,1H3,(H,26,27)/b6-4-,7-5+,9-3-,11-8-,14-10+,17-12+/t19-,20+,21-/m1/s1
Chemical Name	(4Z,7S,8E,10Z,12E,14E,16R,17S,19Z)-7,16,17-trihydroxydocosa-4,8,10,12,14,19-hexaenoic acid
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vivo	Resolvin D2 may be helpful in treating periapical lesions because it can stimulate active resolution of inflammation following root canal infection through pulp-like tissue regeneration [1]. Through direct regulation of leukocyte adhesion receptor expression and endothelium-dependent nitric oxide production, resolvein D2 reduces leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in vivo [2]. Resolvin D2 (10 ng; intraplantar administration) applied peripherally has the ability to successfully suppress inflammatory pain [3].
Animal Protocol	Animal/Disease Models: Adult CD1 mice (male, 8-10 weeks) [3] Doses: 10 ng Route of Administration: Intraplantar administration Experimental Results: Inhibition of inflammatory pain.
References	[1]. Resolvin D2 Induces Resolution of Periapical Inflammation and Promotes Healing of Periapical Lesions in Rat Periapical Periodontitis. Front Immunol. 2019 Feb 26;10:307. [2]. Resolvin D2 is a potent regulator of leukocytes and controls microbial sepsis. Nature. 2009 Oct 29;461(7268):1287-91. [3]. Resolvin D2 is a potent endogenous inhibitor for transient receptor potential subtype V1/A1, inflammatory pain, and spinal cord synaptic plasticity in mice: distinct roles of resolvin D1, D2, and E1.6. J Neurosci. 2011 Dec 14;31(50):18433-8.
Additional Infomation	Resolvin D2 is a member of the class of resolvins that is (4Z,8E,10Z,12E,14E,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid carrying three hydroxy substituents at positions 7, 16 and 17 (the 7S,16R,17S-stereoisomer). It has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite, an anti-inflammatory agent, an estrogen receptor agonist, an anti-obesity agent and a rat metabolite. It is a resolvin, a triol, a secondary allylic alcohol and a hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid. It is a conjugate acid of a resolvin D2(1-). Resolvin D2 is a polyunsaturated fatty acid in the resolvin family that is a poly-hydroxyl metabolite of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), with potential anti-inflammatory, analgesic and protective activities.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	2.6561 mL	13.2806 mL	26.5611 mL
	5 mM	0.5312 mL	2.6561 mL	5.3122 mL
	10 mM	0.2656 mL	1.3281 mL	2.6561 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.