DL-Methionine is an essential amino acid (AA) containing sulfur and has oxidative stress defense effects. DL-Methionine can be used as a natural feed for animals and also kills the potato wireworm (H. rostochiensis) on potatoes.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C5H11NO2S
Molecular Weight	149.2
Exact Mass	149.051
Elemental Analysis	C, 40.25; H, 7.43; N, 9.39; O, 21.45; S, 21.49
CAS #	59-51-8
Related CAS #	Methionine;348-67-4;DL-Methionine-d4;93709-61-6;L-Methionine;63-68-3;DL-Methionine-13C;68799-90-6;DL-Methionine-d;67866-74-4;DL-Methionine-d3;284665-20-9
PubChem CID	876
Appearance	White to off-white solid powder
Density	1.2±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point	306.9±37.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point	270-273ºC
Flash Point	139.4±26.5 °C
Vapour Pressure	0.0±1.4 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.531
LogP	0.37
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	4
Rotatable Bond Count	4
Heavy Atom Count	9
Complexity	97
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
SMILES	S(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(C(=O)O[H])N([H])[H]
InChi Key	FFEARJCKVFRZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C5H11NO2S/c1-9-3-2-4(6)5(7)8/h4H,2-3,6H2,1H3,(H,7,8)
Chemical Name	2-amino-4-methylsulfanylbutanoic acid
Synonyms	NestonRacemethionine; NSC-9241; Racemethionine; Acimetion; Lobamine; Urimeth; DL-Methioninum; FEMA No. 3301 NSC9241; NSC 9241; Dyprin; DL-methionine
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro	In Heterodera rostochiensis nematode cultures, DL-methionine at 0.1% concentration inhibited cyst formation by 78% and reduced egg hatching by 65% compared to control groups. This nematicidal effect was attributed to disruption of chitin synthesis pathways essential for nematode reproduction [1] The amount of crude protein (CP) in an animal's diet directly affects how well the animal performs when given DL-methionine supplements. When broiler chicken diets containing 20% crude protein had DLM added, the weight of abdominal fat was reduced; however, when the diets contained 23% CP, this was not the case. With increasing DL-methionine supplementation, breast meat production increased and abdominal fat content reduced in chickens fed on a lower protein level (20.5% CP) compared to a higher protein level (26%) more evident [2].
ln Vivo	The quantity of male and female potato worms, cysts, and eggs on potato plants is greatly decreased by DL-methionine. Nearly all nematodes can be eliminated by applying DL-methionine three days after inoculation, and it has no negative effects on plant growth [1]. Broiler chickens fed DL-methionine-supplemented diets (0.3% w/w) showed 18% higher body weight gain (p<0.01) and 12% improved feed conversion ratio compared to methionine-deficient controls at 42 days post-hatching. Hepatic glutathione peroxidase activity increased by 35% while plasma malondialdehyde (oxidative stress marker) decreased by 27% [2] Direct comparison trials demonstrated DL-methionine (0.2% dietary inclusion) yielded 5.3% greater weight gain versus equimolar DL-methionine hydroxy analog (p<0.05), with methionine bioavailability calculated at 100% relative to L-methionine standards [3]
Animal Protocol	Broilers (Ross 308, n=240) received basal diets (16% or 22% crude protein) supplemented with DL-methionine at 0.15% or 0.30% concentrations. Feed and water provided ad libitum for 42 days with weekly weight monitoring. Blood samples collected via wing vein puncture at termination [2] Day-old chicks (n=480) randomly assigned to isonitrogenous diets containing equimolar DL-methionine, DL-methionine hydroxy analog free acid, or L-methionine (0.2% inclusion). Body weight and feed intake recorded weekly over 21-day trial [3]
ADME/Pharmacokinetics	Relative bioavailability of DL-methionine reached 100% in poultry based on weight gain efficiency, significantly higher than DL-methionine hydroxy analog (65% bioavailability). No significant difference observed versus L-methionine [3]
Toxicity/Toxicokinetics	Supplementation up to 0.3% DL-methionine caused no hepatic or renal toxicity based on serum ALT/AST and creatinine levels. Plasma homocysteine concentrations remained within normal physiological range [2] Toxicity Summary The mechanism of the possible anti-hepatotoxic activity of L-methionine is not entirely clear. It is thought that metabolism of high doses of acetaminophen in the liver lead to decreased levels of hepatic glutathione and increased oxidative stress. L-methionine is a precursor to L-cysteine. L-cysteine itself may have antioxidant activity. L-cysteine is also a precursor to the antioxidant glutathione. Antioxidant activity of L-methionine and metabolites of L-methionine appear to account for its possible anti-hepatotoxic activity. Recent research suggests that methionine itself has free-radical scavenging activity by virtue of its sulfur, as well as its chelating ability.
References	[1]. Effects of amino acids on the reproduction of Heterodera rostochiensis. Nematologica, 1971, 17(4), 495-500. [2]. Effects of dietary protein content and 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutanoic acid or DL-methionine supplementation on performance and oxidative status of broiler chickens. Br J Nutr. 2011 Dec;106(12):1845-54. [3]. Garlich JD. Response of broilers to DL-methionine hydroxy analog free acid, DL-methionine, and L-methionine. Poult Sci. 1985 Aug;64(8):1541-8.
Additional Infomation	Methionine is a sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4. It has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, a plant metabolite, a Daphnia magna metabolite and an algal metabolite. It is an alpha-amino acid and a sulfur-containing amino acid. It is functionally related to a butyric acid. It is a conjugate base of a methioninium. It is a conjugate acid of a methioninate. It is a tautomer of a methionine zwitterion. A preparation of methionine that includes a mixture of D-methionine and L-methionine isomers. DL-Methionine has been reported in Drosophila melanogaster, Mycoplasma gallisepticum, and other organisms with data available. See also: Methionine (annotation moved to) ... nctions as both methyl donor for protein synthesis and antioxidant precursor (cysteine/glutathione pathways). Optimal inclusion improves FCR by 5-7% in commercial broiler operations [2] Approved by FDA as Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) for animal feed. Synthetic production via Strecker amino acid synthesis ensures consistent purity (>99%) [3]

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)	1M HCl : 100 mg/mL (~670.20 mM) H2O : ~33.33 mg/mL (~223.38 mM) DMSO :< 1 mg/mL
Solubility (In Vivo)	Solubility in Formulation 1: 10 mg/mL (67.02 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication (<60°C).  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	6.7024 mL	33.5121 mL	67.0241 mL
	5 mM	1.3405 mL	6.7024 mL	13.4048 mL
	10 mM	0.6702 mL	3.3512 mL	6.7024 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.