Physicochemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C26H28O13 |
| Molecular Weight | 548.4927 |
| Exact Mass | 548.153 |
| CAS # | 114240-18-5 |
| PubChem CID | 100990912 |
| Appearance | White to off-white solid powder |
| Density | 1.7±0.1 g/cm3 |
| Boiling Point | 833.0±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg |
| Flash Point | 280.6±27.8 °C |
| Vapour Pressure | 0.0±3.2 mmHg at 25°C |
| Index of Refraction | 1.746 |
| LogP | 1.48 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 8 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 13 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 5 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 39 |
| Complexity | 891 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 9 |
| SMILES | C1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O2)C3=C(C=CC4=C3OC=C(C4=O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O |
| InChi Key | YCFQXQCEEPCZMO-KATYHMCLSA-N |
| InChi Code | InChI=1S/C26H28O13/c27-11-3-1-10(2-4-11)13-7-36-24-12(18(13)30)5-6-14(28)17(24)25-22(34)21(33)20(32)16(39-25)9-38-26-23(35)19(31)15(29)8-37-26/h1-7,15-16,19-23,25-29,31-35H,8-9H2/t15-,16-,19+,20-,21+,22-,23-,25+,26+/m1/s1 |
| Chemical Name | 7-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-8-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]chromen-4-one |
| HS Tariff Code | 2934.99.9001 |
| Storage |
Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition | Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs) |
Biological Activity
| ln Vitro |
Puerarin 6″-O-Xyloside (PXY) promoted the proliferation of osteoblasts isolated from neonatal rat calvarias in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Treatment with 5, 10, and 20 µM PXY for 24, 48, and 72 hours significantly increased the optical density (OD) at 550 nm in the MTT assay compared to the control group. [1] Western blot analysis demonstrated that Puerarin 6″-O-Xyloside (PXY) regulated the expression of key proteins involved in bone metabolism in cultured osteoblasts. Treatment with 10 and 20 µM PXY for 48 hours significantly up-regulated the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) protein. Conversely, treatment with 5, 10, and 20 µM PXY significantly down-regulated the expression of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) protein. Consequently, PXY significantly increased the OPG/RANKL ratio. [1] |
| ln Vivo |
In ovariectomized (OVX) mice, intraperitoneal administration of Puerarin 6″-O-Xyloside (PXY) at doses of 40 and 60 mg/kg/day for 12 weeks significantly reduced the increase in body weight induced by OVX. [1] PXY treatment (20, 40, and 60 mg/kg/day, i.p., 12 weeks) significantly increased the uterine index (uterus weight/body weight) in OVX mice in a dose-dependent manner, ameliorating the uterine atrophy caused by estrogen deficiency. [1] PXY treatment (20, 40, and 60 mg/kg/day, i.p., 12 weeks) significantly increased the lowered serum levels of blood calcium and blood phosphorus in OVX mice in a dose-dependent manner. [1] PXY treatment at doses of 40 and 60 mg/kg/day (i.p., 12 weeks) significantly increased the serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in OVX mice. [1] PXY treatment (20, 40, and 60 mg/kg/day, i.p., 12 weeks) significantly increased the reduced serum osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels in OVX mice in a dose-dependent manner. [1] Histopathological examination of femoral bone tissue showed that OVX caused bone loss, characterized by enlarged bone marrow cavity, sparse and fractured trabecular bone. Treatment with PXY (20, 40, and 60 mg/kg/day, i.p., 12 weeks) improved these osteoporotic changes, resulting in thickened compact bone and denser trabecular bone. The improvement was most pronounced at the 60 mg/kg dose. [1] |
| Cell Assay |
Osteoblasts were isolated from calvarias of 3-day-old neonatal rats. Briefly, calvarial bones were minced and sequentially digested with trypsin and then with a solution containing trypsin and collagenase type II. The released cells were collected by centrifugation and cultured in α-MEM supplemented with fetal bovine serum. [1] For the proliferation assay, osteoblasts were seeded in 96-well plates and treated with various concentrations of PXY (5, 10, 20 µM) for 24, 48, or 72 hours. Cell viability/proliferation was assessed using the MTT assay. After the incubation period, MTT reagent was added to each well. Following a further incubation, the formazan crystals were dissolved, and the optical density was measured at 550 nm using a microplate reader. [1] For western blot analysis, osteoblasts were treated with or without PXY (5, 10, 20 µM) for 48 hours. Cells were then harvested, and total proteins were extracted. Equal amounts of protein were separated by SDS-PAGE, transferred to a PVDF membrane, and probed with primary antibodies against RANKL and OPG. After incubation with an appropriate horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody, protein bands were visualized using a chemiluminescence detection system. β-actin was used as a loading control. [1] |
| Animal Protocol |
An osteoporotic mouse model was established by bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) in 3-month-old female ICR mice. Sham-operated mice underwent the same surgical procedure without ovary removal. [1] One week after surgery, OVX mice were randomly divided into groups (n=10): OVX model group, and PXY treatment groups (20, 40, 60 mg/kg/day). A sham-operated group was also included. [1] Puerarin 6″-O-Xyloside (PXY) was administered via intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) daily for 12 consecutive weeks. The vehicle control group received an equivalent volume of normal saline (10 ml/kg, i.p.). [1] At the end of the 12-week treatment period, body weights were recorded. Mice were then euthanized. Blood was collected to obtain serum for biochemical analysis. Uteri were removed and weighed to calculate the uterine index. Femurs were collected for histopathological examination after fixation, decalcification, paraffin embedding, sectioning, and H&E staining. [1] |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics | An acute toxicity test was conducted in ICR mice. Groups of mice received a single intraperitoneal injection of Puerarin 6″-O-Xyloside (PXY) at doses of 10, 20, 40, 60, or 80 mg/kg. Mortality and any abnormal neuro-behaviors were observed over a 24-hour period. No death or abnormal behavior was observed at any of the tested doses. The median lethal dose (LD50) could not be determined due to the lack of obvious toxicity within the tested dose range. [1] |
| References |
[1]. Anti-osteoporotic activity of puerarin 6"-O-xyloside on ovariectomized mice and its potential mechanism. Pharm Biol. 2016;54(1):111-7. [2]. In vitro and in vivo antitumour activities of puerarin 6″-O-xyloside on human lung carcinoma A549 cell line via the induction of the mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway. Pharm Biol. 2016 Sep;54(9):1793-9. |
| Additional Infomation |
Puerarin 6″-O-Xyloside (PXY) is a major isoflavone constituent found in the root of Pueraria lobata. [1] The study suggests that the anti-osteoporotic activity of PXY may be mediated through multiple mechanisms, including increasing serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, and ALP, as well as up-regulating the OPG/RANKL ratio in osteoblasts, which is a key pathway regulating osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. [1] |
Solubility Data
| Solubility (In Vitro) | DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~182.32 mM) |
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.56 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.56 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.56 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.8232 mL | 9.1159 mL | 18.2319 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3646 mL | 1.8232 mL | 3.6464 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1823 mL | 0.9116 mL | 1.8232 mL |