 Chemical Structure.png)
Physicochemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C200H312N62O57S6 |
| Molecular Weight | 4689.41 |
| Exact Mass | 4694.228 |
| CAS # | 880107-52-8 |
| PubChem CID | 134813887 |
| Appearance | White to off-white solid powder |
| LogP | -28.3 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 70 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 74 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 154 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 325 |
| Complexity | 11400 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 40 |
| SMILES | CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC2=CNC3=CC=CC=C32)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC4=CNC=N4)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC5=CNC6=CC=CC=C65)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC7=CC=CC=C7)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N8CCC[C@H]8C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N9CCC[C@H]9C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)N |
| InChi Key | KUGGGQKBZWWKLY-ACYSAVFESA-N |
| InChi Code | InChI=1S/C200H318N62O57S6/c1-13-102(10)157(257-187(309)139(95-324)251-180(302)133(83-153(280)281)242-160(282)111(206)56-60-148(270)271)194(316)261-74-36-54-142(261)189(311)239-116(46-23-28-66-203)167(289)244-128(78-106-84-221-112-42-19-17-40-109(106)112)176(298)230-114(44-21-26-64-201)161(283)223-89-147(269)229-135(91-320)185(307)255-154(99(4)5)191(313)247-131(81-144(207)266)178(300)235-121(51-33-71-219-199(212)213)168(290)246-130(80-108-86-216-97-226-108)163(285)225-88-146(268)228-132(82-152(278)279)179(301)250-138(94-323)184(306)252-136(92-321)182(304)236-123(57-61-149(272)273)162(284)224-87-145(267)227-126(76-98(2)3)174(296)237-124(58-62-150(274)275)170(292)249-137(93-322)183(305)245-129(79-107-85-222-113-43-20-18-41-110(107)113)177(299)234-115(45-22-27-65-202)164(286)231-119(49-31-69-217-197(208)209)165(287)232-120(50-32-70-218-198(210)211)166(288)233-122(52-34-72-220-200(214)215)169(291)248-134(90-263)181(303)243-127(77-105-38-15-14-16-39-105)175(297)238-125(59-63-151(276)277)173(295)254-155(100(6)7)192(314)253-140(96-325)186(308)256-156(101(8)9)193(315)260-73-35-53-141(260)188(310)240-117(47-24-29-67-204)171(293)258-158(103(11)264)195(317)262-75-37-55-143(262)190(312)241-118(48-25-30-68-205)172(294)259-159(104(12)265)196(318)319/h14-20,38-43,84-86,97-104,111,114-143,154-159,221-222,263-265,320-325H,13,21-37,44-83,87-96,201-206H2,1-12H3,(H2,207,266)(H,216,226)(H,223,283)(H,224,284)(H,225,285)(H,227,267)(H,228,268)(H,229,269)(H,230,298)(H,231,286)(H,232,287)(H,233,288)(H,234,299)(H,235,300)(H,236,304)(H,237,296)(H,238,297)(H,239,311)(H,240,310)(H,241,312)(H,242,282)(H,243,303)(H,244,289)(H,245,305)(H,246,290)(H,247,313)(H,248,291)(H,249,292)(H,250,301)(H,251,302)(H,252,306)(H,253,314)(H,254,295)(H,255,307)(H,256,308)(H,257,309)(H,258,293)(H,259,294)(H,270,271)(H,272,273)(H,274,275)(H,276,277)(H,278,279)(H,280,281)(H,318,319)(H4,208,209,217)(H4,210,211,218)(H4,212,213,219)(H4,214,215,220)/t102-,103+,104+,111-,114-,115-,116-,117-,118-,119-,120-,121-,122-,123-,124-,125-,126-,127-,128-,129-,130-,131-,132-,133-,134-,135-,136-,137-,138-,139-,140-,141-,142-,143-,154-,155-,156-,157-,158-,159-/m0/s1 |
| Chemical Name | (4S)-4-amino-5-[[(2S)-1-[[(2R)-1-[[(2S,3S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[2-[[(2R)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-4-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[(2S)-1-[[(2R)-1-[[(2R)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2R)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2R)-1-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S,3R)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(1S,2R)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-sulfanylpropan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-4-carboxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-sulfanylpropan-2-yl]amino]-4-carboxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-4-carboxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-sulfanylpropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-sulfanylpropan-2-yl]amino]-3-carboxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1,4-dioxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-sulfanylpropan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-3-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-sulfanylpropan-2-yl]amino]-3-carboxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid |
| HS Tariff Code | 2934.99.9001 |
| Storage |
Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition | Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs) |
Biological Activity
| Targets | IC50: 0.9 nM (ASIC1a), 50 nM (ASIC1b, ASIC2a, and ASIC3)[6]. |
| ln Vitro | Psalmotoxin 1 (20 nM, 125 s) dramatically alters the steady-state desensitization curve to lower the H+ concentration, which inhibits ASIC1a currents [1]. The binding of Psalmotoxin 1 (30 nM) to ASIC1a channels is competitive with Ca2+ [1]. Psalmotoxin 1 (100 or 200 ng, 24-72 hours) markedly reduced MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell migration, proliferation, and invasion [4]. Inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in nucleus pulposus cells (NPC), psalmotoxin 1 (100 ng/mL, 24 h) significantly inhibits the acid-induced increase involved in intracellular calcium and LDH release [5]. |
| ln Vivo | Psalmotoxin 1 (icv, 1 ng/kg, single dosage) directly inhibits ASIC1a in conscious stroke animals to produce neuroprotective benefits [2]. Tumor growth is inhibited in a mouse model of breast cancer by Psalmotoxin 1 (10 ng/kg, once daily for 7 days) injections [4]. |
| Cell Assay |
Cell Proliferation Assay[4] Cell Types: MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells Tested Concentrations: 100 or 200 ng Incubation Duration: 24, 48, 72 h Experimental Results: Inhibited the cell migration, proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells. Western Blot Analysis[5] Cell Types: Nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) Tested Concentrations: 100 ng/mL Incubation Duration: 24 h Experimental Results: diminished Bax and cleaved caspase-3 expression, and increased Bcl-2 expression. |
| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: Male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR)[2] Doses: 1 ng/kg, a single dose. Route of Administration: Intracerebroventricular (icv) injection Experimental Results: diminished cortical and striatal infarct volumes measured 72 h post-stroke. diminished the severity of motor deficit at 1 and 3 days after stroke compared to control rats. Displayed an anti-apoptotic effect in the occluded hemisphere (diminished stroke-induced caspase-3 positive cells). Animal/Disease Models: Female nude balb/c (Bagg ALBino) mouse: (orthotopic implantation, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells)[3] Doses: 10 ng/kg, daily for 7 days. Route of Administration: Tail vein injection Experimental Results: Inhibited breast tumor growth. |
| References |
[1]. The tarantula toxin psalmotoxin 1 inhibits acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) 1a by increasing its apparent H+ affinity. J Gen Physiol. 2005 Jul;126(1):71-9. [2]. PcTx1 affords neuroprotection in a conscious model of stroke in hypertensive rats via selective inhibition of ASIC1a. Neuropharmacology. 2015 Dec;99:650-7. [3]. Functional and pharmacological characterization of two different ASIC1a/2a heteromers reveals their sensitivity to the spider toxin PcTx1. Sci Rep. 2016 Jun 9;6:27647. doi: 10.1038/srep27647. [4]. Overexpression of acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) promotes breast cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Transl Cancer Res. 2020 Dec;9(12):7519-7530. [5]. Acid-sensing ion channel 1a regulates the survival of nucleus pulposus cells in the acidic environment of degenerated intervertebral discs. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2016 Aug;19(8):812-820. [6]. Isolation of a tarantula toxin specific for a class of proton-gated Na+ channels. J Biol Chem. 2000 Aug 18;275(33):25116-21. |
Solubility Data
| Solubility (In Vitro) | May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples |
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.2132 mL | 1.0662 mL | 2.1325 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.0426 mL | 0.2132 mL | 0.4265 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0213 mL | 0.1066 mL | 0.2132 mL |