Pratensein, a flavonoid, improves beta-amyloid-induced cognitive impairment in rats by reducing oxidative damage and restoring synaptic and BDNF levels.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C16H12O6
Molecular Weight	300.26
Exact Mass	300.063
CAS #	2284-31-3
PubChem CID	5281803
Appearance	White to off-white solid powder
Density	1.512g/cm3
Boiling Point	576.7ºC at 760mmHg
Melting Point	271-273 °C
Flash Point	220.3ºC
Vapour Pressure	6.73E-14mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.697
LogP	2.585
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	6
Rotatable Bond Count	2
Heavy Atom Count	22
Complexity	462
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
InChi Key	FPIOBTBNRZPWJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C16H12O6/c1-21-13-3-2-8(4-11(13)18)10-7-22-14-6-9(17)5-12(19)15(14)16(10)20/h2-7,17-19H,1H3
Chemical Name	5,7-dihydroxy-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vivo	Pratensein dramatically reduces apoptosis and neuronal degeneration in the hippocampal regions. The injection of Pratensein greatly reduces the widespread astrogliosis and microgliosis in the hippocampus caused by Aβ1-42 as well as the over-expression of TNF-α and IL-1β. The hippocampal NF-κB activity is markedly suppressed by pratenetein administration. Pratensein has the ability to raise brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and synaptophysin levels[1]. The Aβ1-42 rat model of Alzheimer's disease shows improvements in learning and memory deficits when treated with pretensein (20 mg/kg; po; once daily for 3 weeks)[1].
Animal Protocol	Animal/Disease Models: Male 10-week old Wistar rats[1] Doses: 20 mg/kg Route of Administration: Po; one time/day for 3 weeks Experimental Results: The spatial learning and memory ability of rats was improved.
References	[1]. Pratensein ameliorates β-amyloid-induced cognitive impairment in rats via reducing oxidative damage and restoring synapse and BDNF levels. Neurosci Lett. 2015;592:48-53.
Additional Infomation	Pratensein is a member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones in which isoflavone is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 5, 7, and 3' positions, and by a methoxy group at the 4' position. It is a member of 7-hydroxyisoflavones and a member of 4'-methoxyisoflavones. It is a conjugate acid of a pratensein(1-). Pratensein has been reported in Cicer microphyllum, Dalbergia sissoo, and other organisms with data available. See also: Trifolium pratense flower (part of).

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO :~50 mg/mL (~166.52 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	3.3304 mL	16.6522 mL	33.3045 mL
	5 mM	0.6661 mL	3.3304 mL	6.6609 mL
	10 mM	0.3330 mL	1.6652 mL	3.3304 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.