Potassium sodium tartrate is a biochemical compound that could be utilized as a biomaterial or organic/chemical reagent for biomedical research.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C4H4KNAO6
Molecular Weight	210.16
Exact Mass	281.996
CAS #	304-59-6
PubChem CID	9357
Appearance	White to off-white solid powder
Density	1.24
Boiling Point	100 °C
Melting Point	70~80℃
Flash Point	209.4ºC
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	6
Rotatable Bond Count	1
Heavy Atom Count	12
Complexity	123
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	2
SMILES	[C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)[O-])O)(C(=O)[O-])O.[Na+].[K+]
InChi Key	LJCNRYVRMXRIQR-OLXYHTOASA-L
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C4H6O6.K.Na/c5-1(3(7)8)2(6)4(9)10;;/h1-2,5-6H,(H,7,8)(H,9,10);;/q;2*+1/p-2/t1-,2-;;/m1../s1
Chemical Name	potassium;sodium;(2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate
Synonyms	Rochelle salt; Seignette salt; 304-59-6; SODIUM POTASSIUM TARTRATE; Monopotassium monosodium tartrate; Sodium potassium L-tartrate; 147-79-5; Potassium sodium L(+)-tartrate;
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

Targets	Biochemical reagent
ln Vitro	Used as sequestrant and general purpose food additive; Used in mirror production, Fehling's solution, crystal-controlled oscillators, and as saline cathartic; Used to make mirrors, in Fehling's solution, to control radio frequencies (and other applications of piezoelectric crystals), as chelator of metal ions (especially aluminum), and as cathartic.
ln Vivo	Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine-related reproductive disorder in women of reproductive age, accompanied by both the impairment of female fecundity and a risk of metabolic disorders. PCOS is emphasized as a worldwide concern due to its unknown etiology and lack of specific medications. The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of L-tartaric acid, an abundantly occurring compound in fruits, on the histostereological and hormonal changes caused by PCOS. Forty adult Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups including controls (no intervention), Tartaric acid (40mg/Kg/day from day 21 onwards for 39 days), PCOS (21 days letrozole and then normal saline orally for 39 days), and PCOS + Tartaric acid. After treatments, the ovarian histostereological analysis as well as the level of reproductive hormones including luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone was measured. PCOS caused a significant decrease in the number of unilaminar, multilaminar, antral, and graafian follicles and increased follicular atresia (p-value < 0.001). Moreover, the weight and volume of ovarian tissue and related structures including cortex, medulla, and cysts increased significantly (p-value < 0.0001). However, corpus luteum volume was significantly decreased (p-value < 0.001). Although significant differences were found in some parameters with the control group (p-value < 0.05), the administration of tartaric acid restored the pathological effects of PCOS on the ovarian histostructure. Furthermore, tartaric acid improved the serum levels of LH, estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone (p-value < 0.05). The obtained findings may suggest tartaric acid as a novel strategy for PCOS management, although further studies are necessary [1].
Toxicity/Toxicokinetics	Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts A SINGLE IV DOSE OF SODIUM POTASSIUM TARTRATE, 400 MG/KG SELECTIVELY INJURED EPITHELIUM OF THE CONVOLUTED TUBULE IN MICE. MICE WERE TREATED WITH 400 MG/KG SC. NUMBER OF PANETH CELLS COUNTED IN INTESTINAL GLANDS DID NOT CHANGE SIGNIFICANTLY, BUT GRANULAR INDICES DECR DISTINCTLY ON 1ST DAY AFTER TREATMENT, THEN NORMALIZED BY 5 DAYS. LEE HL ET AL; NEW MED J (SEE-CHOUAX) 17 (3): 345 (1974) Drug Warnings SODIUM SALTS /AS SALINE CATHARTIC/ ARE CONTRAINDICATED IN PATIENTS WITH HEART DISEASE WHO HAVE EDEMA OR CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE OR IN THOSE ON A LOW SODIUM DIET.
References	[1]. The Effects of L-Tartaric Acid on Ovarian Histostereological and Serum Hormonal Analysis in an Animal Model of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Reprod Sci. 2024 Nov;31(11):3583-3594.
Additional Infomation	Potassium sodium L-tartrate is the organic sodium and potassium salt of L-tartaric acid (mol ratio 1:1:1). It has a role as a laxative. It is a potassium salt and an organic sodium salt. It contains a L-tartrate(2-). Therapeutic Uses As saline cathartics ususal adult dose: 5 to 10 g. ... AS SALINE CATHARTIC ... /IT PRODUCES/ WATERY EVACUATION IN 2-6 HR ... /IT IS MOST EFFECTIVE IF TAKEN WITH SUBSTANTIAL AMT (AT LEAST 240 ML) OF FLUID ON EMPTY STOMACH. TO REMOVE THE TOXIC MATERIAL IN SOME CASES OF POISONING. ... USEFUL IN ELIMINATING PARASITES & TOXIC VERMIFUGE AFTER ANTHELMINTIC THERAPY. Drug Warnings SODIUM SALTS /AS SALINE CATHARTIC/ ARE CONTRAINDICATED IN PATIENTS WITH HEART DISEASE WHO HAVE EDEMA OR CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE OR IN THOSE ON A LOW SODIUM DIET. /SODIUM SALTS/

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

H2O: ≥ 100 mg/mL (475.83 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	4.7583 mL	23.7914 mL	47.5828 mL
	5 mM	0.9517 mL	4.7583 mL	9.5166 mL
	10 mM	0.4758 mL	2.3791 mL	4.7583 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.