Polyketomycin is a tetracyclic quinone glycoside antibiotic extracted from the genus Streptomyces. Polyketomycin suppresses the growth of Gram-positive (Gram+) bacteria with MIC of less than 0.2 µg/mL. Polyketomycin has antibacterial, anticancer, and antimalarial effects.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C25H24O8
Molecular Weight	452.45326
Exact Mass	864.284
CAS #	200625-47-4
PubChem CID	5747698
Appearance	Typically exists as solid at room temperature
LogP	2.524
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	6
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	18
Rotatable Bond Count	9
Heavy Atom Count	62
Complexity	1940
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	10
SMILES	CC1C(CCC(O1)OC2C(=O)C(=C(C3(C2(CC4=C(C5=C(C(=O)C=C(C5=O)OC)C(=C4C3=O)O)C)O)O)O)C(=O)C)OC6CC(C(C(O6)C)OC(=O)C7=C(C=CC(=C7O)C)C)(C)O
InChi Key	IFCBPTPGDINHLK-VSYKUZCLSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C44H48O18/c1-16-9-10-17(2)33(47)28(16)41(53)62-39-21(6)59-27(15-42(39,7)54)60-24-11-12-26(58-20(24)5)61-40-36(50)30(19(4)45)37(51)44(56)38(52)31-22(14-43(40,44)55)18(3)29-32(35(31)49)23(46)13-25(57-8)34(29)48/h9-10,13,20-21,24,26-27,39-40,47,49,51,54-56H,11-12,14-15H2,1-8H3/t20-,21+,24+,26+,27+,39-,40-,42-,43-,44-/m1/s1
Chemical Name	[(2S,3R,4R,6S)-6-[(2R,3S,6S)-6-[[(1S,4aS,12aR)-3-acetyl-4,4a,6,12a-tetrahydroxy-9-methoxy-11-methyl-2,5,7,10-tetraoxo-1,12-dihydrotetracen-1-yl]oxy]-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2,4-dimethyloxan-3-yl] 2-hydroxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoate
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro	With an IC50 value of 3.3 μg/mL and 2.1 μg are/mL, 5.2 μg/mL, 1 μg/mL, 0.9 μg/mL, 1.8 μg/mL, 2.4 μg/mL, 1.5 μg/mL, and 1.6 μg/mL, respectively, polyketomycin has growth-inhibitory effects on L1210 leukemia, EL-4 leukemia, P388 leukemia, Ehrlich carcinoma, IMC carcinoma, colon 26 adenocarcinoma, Meth A fibrosarcoma, FS-3 fibrosarcoma, and B16-BL10 melanoma [1].
ln Vivo	Polyketomycin is estimated to have an immediate toxicity (LD50, intraperitoneal) of 6.25–12.5 mg/kg in mice [1].
References	[1]. Polyketomycin, a new antibiotic from Streptomyces sp. MK277-AF1. I. Taxonomy, production, isolation, physico-chemical properties and biological activities. J Antibiot (Tokyo). 1998 Jan;51(1):21-5. [2]. Organisation of the biosynthetic gene cluster and tailoring enzymes in the biosynthesis of the tetracyclic quinone glycoside antibiotic polyketomycin. Chembiochem. 2009 Apr 17;10(6):1073-83. [3]. Otoguro K, In vitro antimalarial activities of the microbial metabolites. J Antibiot (Tokyo). 2003 Mar;56(3):322-4.
Additional Infomation	Polyketomycin is a carbohydrate-containing antibiotic isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp.MK277-AF1. It exhibits potent antibacterial activity against several Gram-positive bacterial strains and is also found to be cytotoxic against a number of tumour cell lines. It has a role as a metabolite, an antibacterial agent and an antineoplastic agent. It is a carbopolycyclic compound, a glycoside, a member of pyrans, a carbohydrate-containing antibiotic, a member of phenols, an enol, a benzoate ester, a member of p-quinones and a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone. It is functionally related to a 3,6-dimethylsalicylic acid. Polyketomycin has been reported in Streptomyces diastatochromogenes with data available.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	2.2102 mL	11.0509 mL	22.1019 mL
	5 mM	0.4420 mL	2.2102 mL	4.4204 mL
	10 mM	0.2210 mL	1.1051 mL	2.2102 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.