Physicochemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C35H62N4O4+2.2[BR-] |
| Molecular Weight | 762.699180000001 |
| Exact Mass | 760.314 |
| CAS # | 52212-02-9 |
| Related CAS # | 68399-58-6 (Parent) |
| PubChem CID | 65332 |
| Appearance | Off-white to yellow solid powder |
| Density | 1.329 |
| Melting Point | 262-264ºC |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 0 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 8 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 6 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 45 |
| Complexity | 1060 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 10 |
| SMILES | CC(=O)O[C@H]1C[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@]2(C[C@@H]1N4CC[N+](CC4)(C)C)C)CC[C@]5([C@H]3C[C@@H]([C@@H]5OC(=O)C)N6CC[N+](CC6)(C)C)C.[Br-].[Br-] |
| InChi Key | TXWBOBJCRVVBJF-YTGGZNJNSA-L |
| InChi Code | InChI=1S/C35H62N4O4.2BrH/c1-24(40)42-32-21-26-9-10-27-28(35(26,4)23-31(32)37-15-19-39(7,8)20-16-37)11-12-34(3)29(27)22-30(33(34)43-25(2)41)36-13-17-38(5,6)18-14-36;;/h26-33H,9-23H2,1-8H3;2*1H/q+2;;/p-2/t26-,27+,28-,29-,30-,31-,32-,33-,34-,35-;;/m0../s1 |
| Chemical Name | [(2S,3S,5S,8R,9S,10S,13S,14S,16S,17R)-17-acetyloxy-2,16-bis(4,4-dimethylpiperazin-4-ium-1-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl] acetate;dibromide |
| HS Tariff Code | 2934.99.9001 |
| Storage |
Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition | Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs) |
Biological Activity
| ln Vitro | Pipecuronium is highly affinized for sgammadex. Relative blocking can be achieved with fewer molecules than rocuronium because pipecuronium is roughly six to seven times more powerful than that drug [1]. |
| ln Vivo | The onset of action of pipecuronium varies between 2 and 6.3 minutes, depending on the dosage and background anesthesia. Its mean ED95 is 0.045 mg/kg (0.035-0.059 mg/kg). Even at doses of 3× ED95, pipecuronium has no cardiovascular side effects, does not release histamine, and does not seem to cause allergic reactions [2]. It was demonstrated that carboxymethylated γ-cyclodextrin could completely and successfully reverse the effects of pipecuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade in experiments conducted on isolated rat diaphragms [3]. |
| References |
[1]. Reversal of Pipecuronium-Induced Moderate Neuromuscular Block with Sugammadex in the Presence of a Sevoflurane Anesthetic: A Randomized Trial. Anesth Analg. 2015 Aug;121(2):373-80. [2]. Reversal of Deep Pipecuronium-Induced Neuromuscular Block With Moderate Versus Standard Dose of Sugammadex: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Noninferiority Trial. Anesth Analg. 2018 Dec;127(6):1344-1350. [3]. First clinical experience with a new neuromuscular blocker pipecurium bromide. Arzneimittelforschung. 1980;30(2a):374-9. [4]. Characterization of somatodendritic neuronal nicotinic receptors located on the myenteric plexus. Eur J Pharmacol. 1991 Sep 24;202(3):297-302. [5]. Investigation of neuromuscular blocking agents at Richter Ltd. Acta Pharm Hung. 2002;72(1):37-48. |
| Additional Infomation |
Pipecuronium bromide is a steroid ester. A piperazinyl androstane derivative which is a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent (NEUROMUSCULAR NONDEPOLARIZING AGENTS). It is used as a muscle relaxant during ANESTHESIA and surgical procedures. |
Solubility Data
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~150 mg/mL (~196.67 mM) H2O : ~100 mg/mL (~131.11 mM) |
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.3111 mL | 6.5557 mL | 13.1113 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2622 mL | 1.3111 mL | 2.6223 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1311 mL | 0.6556 mL | 1.3111 mL |