Phosphocreatine dipotassium mainly exists in the skeletal muscles of vertebrates. It is an organic/chemical reagent belonging to α-amino acid (AA) and its analogues. It is a substrate for measuring creatine kinase and can be used for the regeneration of ATP during skeletal muscle contraction.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C4H10N3O5P.2K
Molecular Weight	287.2938
Exact Mass	286.948
CAS #	18838-38-5
Related CAS #	18838-38-5;67-07-2;19333-65-4;71519-72-7;922-32-7;
PubChem CID	9576050
Appearance	Typically exists as solid at room temperature
Boiling Point	520.3ºC at 760mmHg
Flash Point	268.5ºC
Vapour Pressure	3.19E-12mmHg at 25°C
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	6
Rotatable Bond Count	3
Heavy Atom Count	15
Complexity	259
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
SMILES	[K+].[K+].OC(CN(/C(=N/P([O-])(=O)[O-])/N)C)=O
InChi Key	SQOKPBMWFCQTDM-UHFFFAOYSA-L
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C4H10N3O5P.2K/c1-7(2-3(8)9)4(5)6-13(10,11)12;;/h2H2,1H3,(H,8,9)(H4,5,6,10,11,12);;/q;2*+1/p-2
Chemical Name	dipotassium;2-[methyl-[(E)-N'-phosphonatocarbamimidoyl]amino]acetic acid
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro	Research indicates that Phosphocreatine possesses neuroprotective and renoprotective potential. In terms of neuroprotection, Phosphocreatine (5-20 mM, 24 h) attenuates MGO (Methylglyoxal)-induced PC12 cell damage, inhibits apoptosis [3], and prevents the loss of mitochondrial membrane permeability [3]. Its mechanism of action involves normalizing mitochondrial function and reducing oxidative stress through the Akt-mediated Nrf2/HO-1 pathway [3]. Regarding renoprotection, Phosphocreatine (5-40 mM, 24 h) protects NRK-52E cells from MGO-induced kidney injury in a concentration-dependent manner [4], and its application at 10-40 mM for 4 h inhibits the production of renal oxidative stress metabolites [4].
ln Vivo	In the context of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, Phosphocreatine treatment (200 mg/kg, i.p., every other day for 7 weeks) attenuated oxidative stress and apoptosis, and rescued myocardial tissue from necroptosis [2]. Additionally, in a diabetic nephropathy model, Phosphocreatine (20-40 mg/kg, i.v., daily for 6 weeks) demonstrated renoprotective effects by preserving renal function in Sprague-Dawley rats [4].
References	[1]. Creatine: a dietary supplement and ergogenic aid. Nutr Rev. 1999 Feb;57(2):45-50. [2]. Phosphocreatine attenuates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting oxidative stress and activating TAK1 to promote myocardial survival in vivo and in vitro. Toxicology. 2021 Aug;460:152881. [3]. Neuroprotective effect of phosphocreatine on oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo: Involvement of dual PI3K/Akt and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways. Free Radic Biol Med. 2018 May 20;120:228-238. [4]. Protection of diabetes-induced kidney injury by phosphocreatine via the regulation of ERK/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Life Sci. 2020 Feb 1;242:117248.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	3.4808 mL	17.4040 mL	34.8080 mL
	5 mM	0.6962 mL	3.4808 mL	6.9616 mL
	10 mM	0.3481 mL	1.7404 mL	3.4808 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.