Perylene, which is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of four linearly fused benzene rings, is extensively used as a pigment and dye in a variety of applications such as printing inks, plastics, and textiles. Additionally, perylene has potential uses in solar cells. as photosensitizers and as fluorescent probes in biochemistry and materials science. The rigid planar structure of perylene gives it unique electronic and optical properties, making it a versatile and important compound in many areas of chemistry and materials science.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C20H12
Molecular Weight	252.31
Exact Mass	252.093
CAS #	198-55-0
Related CAS #	Perylene-d12;1520-96-3
PubChem CID	9142
Appearance	Yellow to colorless crystals from toluene Golden-brown yellow plates from benzene, acetic acid
Density	1.3±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point	467.5±12.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point	277-280ºC
Flash Point	228.6±13.7 °C
Vapour Pressure	0.0±0.6 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.887
LogP	6.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	0
Rotatable Bond Count	0
Heavy Atom Count	20
Complexity	304
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
SMILES	C1=CC2=C3C(=C1)C4=CC=CC5=C4C(=CC=C5)C3=CC=C2
InChi Key	CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C20H12/c1-5-13-6-2-11-17-18-12-4-8-14-7-3-10-16(20(14)18)15(9-1)19(13)17/h1-12H
Chemical Name	perylene
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro	For research in the field of life sciences, perylene is a biochemical reagent that can be utilized as an organic compound or biological material.
ADME/Pharmacokinetics	Metabolism / Metabolites An investigation of the metabolism of the weak carcinogen, benz(a)anthracene, was compared to that of a group of noncarcinogenic hydrocarbons including benzo(e)pyrene, pyrene, phenanthrene, coronene, triphenylene, and perylene. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered sc 0.4 uM doses of these polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. Results from HPLC and MS demonstrated that benz(a)anthracene was observed to undergo bioalkylation and biooxidation reactions in rat sc tissue. The other compounds tested did not demonstrate detectable bioalkylation reactions in vivo. These results were consistent with the carcinogenic activity of benz(a)anthracene and the noncarcinogenic potential of the other compounds examined. The data indicated that the metabolic activation of nonfunctional carcinogenic aromatic hydrocarbons was due to the introduction of an alkyl group in a highly reactive mesoanthracenic center in the molecule. Further investigation is necessary to determine whether the bioalkylation reaction can be used as a general probe for the carcinogenic activity of nonfunctional polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons.
Additional Infomation	Perylene is an ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene comprising of five benzene rings that is anthracene in which the d,e and k,l sides are fused to benzene rings. It is an ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene and a member of perylenes. A 20-carbon dibenz(de,kl)anthracene that can be viewed as a naphthalene fused to a phenalene or as dinaphthalene. It is used as fluorescent lipid probe in the cytochemistry of membranes and is a polycyclic hydrocarbon pollutant in soil and water. Derivatives may be carcinogenic.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO: 3.33 mg/mL (13.20 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	3.9634 mL	19.8169 mL	39.6338 mL
	5 mM	0.7927 mL	3.9634 mL	7.9268 mL
	10 mM	0.3963 mL	1.9817 mL	3.9634 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.