Physicochemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C110H192N40O24S4 |
| Molecular Weight | 2587.21508 |
| Exact Mass | 2585.39 |
| CAS # | 32908-73-9 |
| PubChem CID | 16132290 |
| Appearance | White to off-white solid powder |
| LogP | 6.11 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 35 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 38 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 58 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 178 |
| Complexity | 5670 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| HS Tariff Code | 2934.99.9001 |
| Storage |
Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition | Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs) |
Biological Activity
| ln Vivo | When rats were injected with turpentine into the joint or carrageenan into the plantar foot, peptide 401 dramatically reduced the amount of swelling that resulted. 401 has an ED50 of c. 0.1 mg/kg. By comparing the injected site's elevated 125I-albumin level to the contralateral site that was left uninjected, the anti-inflammatory impact was evaluated. Additionally, Peptide 401 prevents the rise in vascular permeability brought on by intradermal injections of prostaglandins, histamine, bradykinin, serotonin (5-HT), and other smooth muscle spasmodics [1]. The common European honey bee's venom contains 22 residues of peptide 401, often known as the MCD peptide, which makes up around 2% of the total weight. In several animal models, including rats with adjuvant arthritis, carrageenan- or turpentine-induced hindpaw edema, and increased skin permeability, it demonstrates strong anti-inflammatory activity (at doses as low as 0.1 mg/kg). Subcutaneous injections of bradykinin, prostaglandin E1, kallikrein, histamine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) were given to sexual rats. Histamine and other pharmacologically active substances are released, and it has strong degranulation effects on mast cells [2]. |
| References |
[1]. Anti-inflammatory property of 401 (MCD-peptide), a peptide from the venom of the bee Apis mellifera (L.). Br J Pharmacol. 1974 Mar;50(3):383-92. [2]. Anti-inflammatory activity of bee venom peptide 401 (mast cell degranulating peptide) andcompound 48/80 results from mast cell degranulation in vivo. Br J Pharmacol. 1990 Feb;99(2):350-4. |
Solubility Data
| Solubility (In Vitro) | May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples |
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.3865 mL | 1.9326 mL | 3.8652 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.0773 mL | 0.3865 mL | 0.7730 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0387 mL | 0.1933 mL | 0.3865 mL |