Penicillin G Procaine hydrate (PGP hydrate) is a β-lactam antibiotic that is a crystalline complex chemically combined with Penicillin G and Procaine.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C29H40N4O7S
Molecular Weight	588.72
Exact Mass	589.27
Elemental Analysis	C, 59.17; H, 6.85; N, 9.52; O, 19.02; S, 5.45
CAS #	6130-64-9
Related CAS #	Penicillin G potassium;113-98-4;Penicillin G sodium salt;69-57-8;Penicillin G benzathine;1538-09-6;Penicillin G benzathine tetrahydrate;41372-02-5;Procaine benzylpenicillin;54-35-3;Penicillin G;61-33-6
PubChem CID	22502
Appearance	Solid powder
Density	1.255-1.256 g/cm3 (20ºC)
Boiling Point	663.3ºC at 760 mmHg
Melting Point	106-110ºC
Flash Point	355ºC
LogP	3.372
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	10
Rotatable Bond Count	11
Heavy Atom Count	41
Complexity	752
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	3
SMILES	O.CCN(CCOC(C1C=CC(N)=CC=1)=O)CC.O=C(N[C@@H]1C(=O)N2[C@H](C(S[C@H]12)(C)C)C(=O)O)CC1C=CC=CC=1
InChi Key	KZDCMKVLEYCGQX-UDPGNSCCSA-N
InChi Code	1S/C16H18N2O4S.C13H20N2O2.H2O/c1-16(2)12(15(21)22)18-13(20)11(14(18)23-16)17-10(19)8-9-6-4-3-5-7-91-3-15(4-2)9-10-17-13(16)11-5-7-12(14)8-6-11/h3-7,11-12,14H,8H2,1-2H3,(H,17,19)(H,21,22)5-8H,3-4,9-10,14H2,1-2H31H2/t11-,12+,14-/m1../s1
Chemical Name	Benzoic acid, 4-amino-, 2-(diethylamino)ethyl ester, mono((2S,5R,6R)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-((phenylacetyl)amino)-4-thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylate), monohydrate
Synonyms	Abbocillin;Abbocillin DC;Afsillin;Ampin-penicillin;Aquacillin;Aquasuspen;Avloprocil;Bactracillin G;Benzylpenicillin procaine monohydrate;Cilicaine;Crysticillin;Depo-Penicillin;Distaquaine;Diurnal-Penicillin;Duracillin;Duracillin A.S.;Flo-Cillin;Penicillin G procaine;Penicillin 100;Procaine penicillin G hydrate;Procaine penicillin
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

References

Farrar GE Jr. Penicillin G, penicillin V, and other pharmaceutical improvements in the treatment of infections. Clin Ther. 1990 Jan-Feb;12(1):78-9. PubMed PMID: 2109661.

Additional Infomation

Penicillin G Procaine is the procaine salt form of penicillin G, a broad-spectrum, beta-lactam, naturally occurring penicillin antibiotic with antibacterial activity. Penicillin G binds to and inactivates the penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This interrupts bacterial cell wall synthesis and results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall, eventually causing cell lysis. Semisynthetic antibiotic prepared by combining penicillin G with PROCAINE. See also: Penicillin G Procaine (annotation moved to).

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

） : 250 mg/mL (424.65 mM H2O:~ 3.14 mg/mL (~5.33 mM）

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (3.53 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (3.53 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (3.53 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. Solubility in Formulation 4: 6.67 mg/mL (11.33 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	1.6986 mL	8.4930 mL	16.9860 mL
	5 mM	0.3397 mL	1.6986 mL	3.3972 mL
	10 mM	0.1699 mL	0.8493 mL	1.6986 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.