PSMα3 is a bioactive peptide for induction of tolerogenic DCs and may be used in DC vaccination. PSMα3 infiltrates and regulates human monocyte-derived DCs by altering TLR2- or TLR4-induced maturation, inhibiting pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production and reducing antigen uptake. PSMα3 is an important toxin released by the most virulent strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C128H192N28O30S
Molecular Weight	2635.12870979309
Exact Mass	2634.411
CAS #	1001405-52-2
PubChem CID	168013064
Appearance	White to off-white solid powder
LogP	-3.9
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	31
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	35
Rotatable Bond Count	91
Heavy Atom Count	187
Complexity	5630
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	20
SMILES	[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC=O)CCSC)CC1C=CC=CC=1)CC1C=CC=CC=1)(CC1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)O)CC(=O)N)CC1C=CC=CC=1)CC1C=CC=CC=1
InChi Key	KHPZMUWGPAMULJ-GFSNHQIRSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C128H192N28O30S/c1-73(2)58-90(110(167)135-70-104(160)139-85(46-28-32-53-129)113(170)149-96(64-81-40-22-15-23-41-81)122(179)146-91(59-74(3)4)111(168)136-71-105(161)140-99(67-102(133)158)124(181)155-101(128(185)186)68-103(134)159)145-118(175)93(61-76(7)8)148-125(182)100(69-107(164)165)154-116(173)88(49-31-35-56-132)143-121(178)95(63-80-38-20-14-21-39-80)153-123(180)97(65-82-42-24-16-25-43-82)150-115(172)87(48-30-34-55-131)142-120(177)94(62-79-36-18-13-19-37-79)152-119(176)92(60-75(5)6)147-114(171)86(47-29-33-54-130)141-109(166)78(11)138-127(184)108(77(9)10)156-126(183)98(66-83-44-26-17-27-45-83)151-117(174)89(50-51-106(162)163)144-112(169)84(137-72-157)52-57-187-12/h13-27,36-45,72-78,84-101,108H,28-35,46-71,129-132H2,1-12H3,(H2,133,158)(H2,134,159)(H,135,167)(H,136,168)(H,137,157)(H,138,184)(H,139,160)(H,140,161)(H,141,166)(H,142,177)(H,143,178)(H,144,169)(H,145,175)(H,146,179)(H,147,171)(H,148,182)(H,149,170)(H,150,172)(H,151,174)(H,152,176)(H,153,180)(H,154,173)(H,155,181)(H,156,183)(H,162,163)(H,164,165)(H,185,186)/t78-,84-,85-,86-,87-,88-,89-,90-,91-,92-,93-,94-,95-,96-,97-,98-,99-,100-,101-,108-/m0/s1
Chemical Name	(4S)-5-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[(2S)-4-amino-1-[[(1S)-3-amino-1-carboxy-3-oxopropyl]amino]-1,4-dioxobutan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-carboxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-4-[[(2S)-2-formamido-4-methylsulfanylbutanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

References

[1]. Richardson JR, et, al. Staphylococcus aureus PSM Peptides Modulate Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells to Prime Regulatory T Cells. Front Immunol. 2018 Nov 13;9:2603. [2]. Tayeb-Fligelman E, et, al. The cytotoxic Staphylococcus aureus PSMα3 reveals a cross-α amyloid-like fibril. Science. 2017 Feb 24;355(6327):831-833.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	0.3795 mL	1.8974 mL	3.7949 mL
	5 mM	0.0759 mL	0.3795 mL	0.7590 mL
	10 mM	0.0379 mL	0.1897 mL	0.3795 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.