PD-168077 (PD168077) is a centrally active and selective dopamine D4 receptor agonist with a Ki of 9 nM. Shows > 400-fold selectivity over D2 and > 300-fold selectivity versus D3 subtypes respectively.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C20H22N4O
Molecular Weight	334.42
Exact Mass	450.19
Elemental Analysis	C, 71.83; H, 6.63; N, 16.75; O, 4.78
CAS #	190383-31-4
Related CAS #	190383-31-4 630117-19-0
PubChem CID	3645619
Appearance	Solid powder
Boiling Point	554.6ºC at 760 mmHg
Flash Point	289.2ºC
Vapour Pressure	2.43E-12mmHg at 25°C
LogP	2.481
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	4
Rotatable Bond Count	4
Heavy Atom Count	25
Complexity	491
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
SMILES	CC1=CC(C(NCN2CCN(C3=CC=CC=C3C#N)CC2)=O)=CC=C1
InChi Key	DNULYRGWTFLJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C20H22N4O/c1-16-5-4-7-17(13-16)20(25)22-15-23-9-11-24(12-10-23)19-8-3-2-6-18(19)14-21/h2-8,13H,9-12,15H2,1H3,(H,22,25)
Chemical Name	N-[[4-(2-cyanophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl]-3-methylbenzamide
Synonyms	PD-168,077 PD 168,077 PD168,077
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

Targets	Ki: 9 nM (Dopamine D4 receptor)[1].
ln Vitro	PD-168077 is one of the first agents to be identified as putative selective D4 agonists. It shows >100-fold selectivity over other members of the D2-like receptor family and over their D1-like counterparts; PD-168077 shows a 20-fold selectivity over α1, and α2, a 45-fold selectivity over 5-HT1A, and a 460-fold selectivity over 5-HT2A receptors; PD-168077 evidences intrinsic activity at the D4 receptor in terms of quinpirole-like inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation or stimulation of [3H]thymidine uptake in CHO cells expressing the human D4 receptor[1]. In the PD-168077-treated cell, p-CaMKII exhibits a significantly increased clustering at synaptic sites, as indicated by the enhanced colocalization with PSD-95[2].
ln Vivo	PD-168077 (0.2-25.0 mg/kg) dose-dependently induces locomotion, which takes an unusual and characteristic ”shuffling” form with uncoordinated movements together with yawning, and episodes of myoclonic jerking; grooming, and rearing are reduced[1].
References	Mol Pharmacol. 2006 Mar;69(3):813-22.;Neuropsychopharmacology. 2000 May;22(5):538-44.
Additional Infomation	N-[[4-(2-cyanophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-3-methylbenzamide is a member of piperazines.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	2.9903 mL	14.9513 mL	29.9025 mL
	5 mM	0.5981 mL	2.9903 mL	5.9805 mL
	10 mM	0.2990 mL	1.4951 mL	2.9903 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.