PD 128042 (CI 976) is a potent, orally bioactive, selective inhibitor of ACAT (acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase) with IC50 of 73 nM. PD 128042 is also a potent LPAT (lysophosphatidyltransferase) inhibitor. PD 128042 inhibits Golgi-associated LPAT activity (IC50=15 μM). PD 128042 inhibits multiple membrane trafficking steps such as those found in the endocytic and secretory pathways.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C23H39NO4
Molecular Weight	393.56
Exact Mass	393.288
CAS #	114289-47-3
PubChem CID	122327
Appearance	White to off-white solid powder
Density	1.002g/cm3
Boiling Point	504.7ºC at 760mmHg
Flash Point	259ºC
Vapour Pressure	2.59E-10mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.503
LogP	6.28
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	4
Rotatable Bond Count	14
Heavy Atom Count	28
Complexity	413
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
InChi Key	WAFNZAURAWBNDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C23H39NO4/c1-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-23(2,3)22(25)24-21-19(27-5)16-18(26-4)17-20(21)28-6/h16-17H,7-15H2,1-6H3,(H,24,25)
Chemical Name	2,2-dimethyl-N-(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)dodecanamide
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vivo	In rats with pre-existing dyslipidemia, PD 128042 (CI 976) (10–30 mg/kg; gavage, in chronic cholesterol-fed rat model) lowers non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and raises HDL cholesterol [4].
References	[1]. A unique lysophospholipid acyltransferase (LPAT) antagonist, CI-976, affects secretory and endocytic membrane trafficking pathways. J Cell Sci. 2005;118(Pt 14):3061-3071. [2]. Inhibitors of acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyl transferase (ACAT) as hypocholesterolemic agents. 8. Incorporation of amide or amine functionalities into a series of disubstituted ureas and carbamates. Effects on ACAT inhibition in vitro and efficacy in vivo. J Med Chem. 1994;37(12):1810-1822. [3]. Inhibition of a Golgi complex lysophospholipid acyltransferase induces membrane tubule formation and retrograde trafficking. Mol Biol Cell. 2003;14(8):3459-3469. [4]. In vivo evidence that the lipid-regulating activity of the ACAT inhibitor CI-976 in rats is due to inhibition of both intestinal and liver ACAT. J Lipid Res. 1993;34(2):279-294.
Additional Infomation	2,2-dimethyl-N-(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)dodecanamide is an anilide.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO: 100 mg/mL (254.09 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	2.5409 mL	12.7045 mL	25.4091 mL
	5 mM	0.5082 mL	2.5409 mL	5.0818 mL
	10 mM	0.2541 mL	1.2705 mL	2.5409 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.