Oxiracetam (also known as ISF 2522), a novel cyclic derivative of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) which acts as a positive allosteric modulator of the AMPA receptors, is widely used as a nootropic drug to improve memory and learning in patients with cognitive impairments. Oxiracetam (50 mg/kg i.p.) improves avoidance acquisition in BALB/c mice. Oxiracetam (100 mg/kg i.p.) reduces the scopolamine-induced amnesic effect and decrease in acetylcholine level in the cortex and hippocampus. Oxiracetam pretreatment (30 mg/kg) prevents social recognition deficits produced with trimethyltin in rats.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C6H10N2O3
Molecular Weight	158.16
Exact Mass	158.069
CAS #	62613-82-5
Related CAS #	(S)-Oxiracetam;88929-35-5;(R)-Oxiracetam;68252-28-8
PubChem CID	4626
Appearance	White to off-white solid powder
Density	1.4±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point	494.6±40.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point	165-168ºC
Flash Point	252.9±27.3 °C
Vapour Pressure	0.0±2.9 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.570
LogP	-2.48
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	3
Rotatable Bond Count	2
Heavy Atom Count	11
Complexity	192
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
InChi Key	IHLAQQPQKRMGSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C6H10N2O3/c7-5(10)3-8-2-4(9)1-6(8)11/h4,9H,1-3H2,(H2,7,10)
Chemical Name	4-Hydroxy-2-oxopyrrolidine-N-acetamide
Synonyms	ISF 2522;ISF2522;ISF-2522;Neuractiv; Hydroxypiracetam;
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro	In vitro activity: Oxiracetam (also known as ISF 2522), a cyclic derivative of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), is used as a nootropic drug to improve memory and learning.
ln Vivo	Oxiracetam (50 mg/kg i.p.) improves avoidance acquisition in BALB/c mice. Oxiracetam (100 mg/kg i.p.) reduces the scopolamine-induced amnesic effect and decrease in acetylcholine level in the cortex and hippocampus. Oxiracetam pretreatment (30 mg/kg) prevents social recognition deficits produced with trimethyltin in rats.
Animal Protocol	50 mg/kg i.p. BALB/c mice
References	Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther.1985 May;275(1):86-92;Pharmacol Biochem Behav.1987 Jul;27(3):491-5.
Additional Infomation	Oxiracetam is an organooxygen compound and an organonitrogen compound. It is functionally related to an alpha-amino acid.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO:31 mg/mL (196.0 mM) Water:31 mg/mL (196.0 mM) Ethanol:<1 mg/mL

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	6.3227 mL	31.6136 mL	63.2271 mL
	5 mM	1.2645 mL	6.3227 mL	12.6454 mL
	10 mM	0.6323 mL	3.1614 mL	6.3227 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.