Ovotransferrin (328-332) has a protective effect on blood pressure by inhibiting Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE), with IC50 of 20μM. The Ovotransferrin (328-332) fragment has anti-acetylcholinesterase (ChE) activity and is associated with AD/Alzheimer's disease.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C25H46N8O7
Molecular Weight	570.68
Exact Mass	570.348
CAS #	1226776-54-0
PubChem CID	172198
Appearance	Typically exists as solid at room temperature
Density	1.4±0.1 g/cm3
Index of Refraction	1.624
LogP	-0.57
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	13
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	15
Rotatable Bond Count	29
Heavy Atom Count	75
Complexity	1980
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	9
SMILES	FC(C(=O)O)(F)F.O=C([C@H](C(C)C)NC([C@H](CCC/N=C(\N)/N)N)=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(=O)O)CC(C)C)=O)CO)=O
InChi Key	CZGUSIXMZVURDU-JZXHSEFVSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C50H71N13O12/c1-5-28(4)41(47(72)59-36(23-31-25-54-26-56-31)48(73)63-20-10-14-38(63)45(70)60-37(49(74)75)22-29-11-7-6-8-12-29)62-44(69)35(21-30-15-17-32(64)18-16-30)58-46(71)40(27(2)3)61-43(68)34(13-9-19-55-50(52)53)57-42(67)33(51)24-39(65)66/h6-8,11-12,15-18,25-28,33-38,40-41,64H,5,9-10,13-14,19-24,51H2,1-4H3,(H,54,56)(H,57,67)(H,58,71)(H,59,72)(H,60,70)(H,61,68)(H,62,69)(H,65,66)(H,74,75)(H4,52,53,55)/t28-,33-,34-,35-,36-,37-,38-,40-,41-/m0/s1
Chemical Name	(3S)-3-amino-4-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S,3S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(1S)-1-carboxy-2-phenylethyl]carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

Targets	ACE 20 μM (IC50)
ADME/Pharmacokinetics	Absorption, Distribution and Excretion Following the intravenous infusion of angiotensin II in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock, the serum levels of angiotensin II observed were similar at baseline and hour 3 after the intravenous infusion. After 3 hours of treatment, the serum level of angiotensin I (the angiotensin II precursos peptide) is however, reduced by about 40%. The official prescribing information notes that no specific studies have been conducted that examine the elimination of angiotensin II. The official prescribing information for angiotensin II notes that no specific studies have yet been conducted that examine the distribution of angiotensin II. The official prescribing information notes that the clearnace of angiotensin II is not dependent on hepatic function or renal function. Metabolism / Metabolites It is metabolized by aminopeptidase A and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 to angiotensin-(2-8) [angiotensin III] and angiotensin-(1-7), respectively in plasma, erythrocytes and many of the major organs (i.e. intestine, kidney, liver and lung). Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) mediated activity of angiotensin III is approximately 40% of angiotensin II; however, aldosterone synthesis activity is similar to angiotensin II. Angiotensin-(1-7) exerts the opposite effects of angiotensin II on AT1 receptors and causes vasodilation. Nevertheless, the official prescribing information also notes that no formal studies have been conducted that examine the metabolism of angiotensin II. Biological Half-Life The plasma half-life of intravenously administered angiotensin II is less than one minute.
References	[1]. Primary and secondary structure of novel ACE-inhibitory peptides from egg white protein. Food Chem. 2012 Jul 15;133(2):315-22. [2]. Anti-Alzheimers activity and molecular mechanism of albumin-derived peptides against AChE and BChE. Food Funct. 2018 Feb 21;9(2):1173-1178.
Additional Infomation	Pharmacodynamics Angiotensin II is a naturally occurring peptide hormone of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system (RAAS) that has the capacity to cause vasoconstriction and an increase in blood pressure in the human body. In the RAAS, juxtaglomerular cells of the renal afferent arteriole synthesize the proteolytic enzyme renin. Although stored in an inactive form called pro-renin, decreases in arterial blood pressure or extracellular fluid volume depletion can cause various enzymatic reactions to release active renin into the systemic circulation and surrounding tissues. Such renin release allows for the production of the alpha-2-globulin angiotensinogen predominantly in the liver and to some extent, the kidneys and other organs. Angiotensin I, itself a decapeptide with weak biological activity, is produced from angiotensinogen and then quickly converted to angiotensin II by angiotensin converting enzymes (ACE). Consequently, angiotensin II demonstrates its strong vasopressor activity when it is rapidly degraded by aminopeptidases A and M into further entities like angiotensin III and angiotensin IV, respectively. Such species like angiotensin III can then bind and interact with specific G protein coupled receptors like angiotensin receptor 1, or AT-1 where strong vasoconstricson can occur. Furthermore, in the ATHOS-3 clinical trial, for the 114 (70%) patient subjects in the angiotensin II arm who reached the target mean arterial pressure (MAP) at Hour 3, the median time to reach the target MAP endpoint was approximately 5 minutes. The angiotensin II was titrated to effect for each individual patient..

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	1.7523 mL	8.7615 mL	17.5230 mL
	5 mM	0.3505 mL	1.7523 mL	3.5046 mL
	10 mM	0.1752 mL	0.8761 mL	1.7523 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.