Norathyriol (Mangiferitin) is a natural supplement of mangiferin. Norathyriol inhibits α-glucosidase in a noncompetitive manner with IC50 of 3.12 μM. Norathyriol also inhibits PPARα, PPARβ and PPARγ with IC50 of 92.8 µM, 102.4 µM and 153.5 µM respectively. It has antioxidant, anti-cancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C13H8O6
Molecular Weight	260.20
Exact Mass	260.032
CAS #	3542-72-1
PubChem CID	5281656
Appearance	White to off-white solid powder
Density	1.8±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point	595.1±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point	237.8±23.6 °C
Vapour Pressure	0.0±1.7 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.801
LogP	0.95
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	6
Rotatable Bond Count	0
Heavy Atom Count	19
Complexity	372
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
InChi Key	ZHTQCPCDXKMMLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C13H8O6/c14-5-1-9(17)12-11(2-5)19-10-4-8(16)7(15)3-6(10)13(12)18/h1-4,14-17H
Chemical Name	1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyxanthen-9-one
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro	Norathyrol (1-25 µM) stops JB6 P+ cells from growing by causing a cell cycle arrest. Norathyrol causes G2-M arrest, which stops JB6 cell development [3]. In JB6 P+ cells, northyronol prevents UVB-induced ERK phosphorylation, AP-1, and NF-κB activation [3] [WB cell growth assay].
ln Vivo	Northiol is a natural metabolite of mango in the human gut and is oral effective and safe [1]. Northyronol (0.92, 1.85 and 3.7 mg/kg) dose-dependently lowered serum uric acid levels by 27.0%, 33.6 and 37.4%, respectively [4].
Cell Assay	cell viability assay [3] Cell Types: Mouse skin epidermis JB6 P+ cells Tested Concentrations: 0 , 1, 10 or 25 µM Incubation Duration: 24 or 72 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Inhibits cell growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner without causing cell death. Western Blot Analysis[3] Cell Types: JB6 P+ Cell Tested Concentrations: 0, 1, 10 or 25 µM Incubation Duration: 2 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Inhibition of UVB-induced ERK and p90RSK phosphorylation.
Animal Protocol	Animal/Disease Models: Adult Kunming mice, body weight 18-22 g[4] Doses: 0.92, 1.85 and 3.7 mg/kg Route of Administration: intragastric (po) (po)administration; twice a day for a total of five times. Experimental Results: Serum uric acid levels diminished by 27.0% respectively. , 33.6% and 37.4%.
References	[1]. In Vitro and In Vivo Effects of Norathyriol and Mangiferin on α-Glucosidase. Biochem Res Int. 2017;2017:1206015. [2]. Effects of the mango components mangiferin and quercetin and the putative mangiferin metabolite norathyriol on the transactivation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor isoforms. J Agric Food Chem. 2008 May 14;56(9):3037-42. [3]. Norathyriol suppresses skin cancers induced by solar ultraviolet radiation by targeting ERK kinases. Cancer Res. 2012 Jan 1;72(1):260-70. [4]. Hypouricaemic action of mangiferin results from metabolite norathyriol via inhibiting xanthine oxidase activity. Pharm Biol. 2016 Sep;54(9):1680-6.
Additional Infomation	Norathyriol is a member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthen-9-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7. Isolated from Garcinia mangostana and Maclura pomifera, it exhibits inhibitory activity against protein kinase C. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor and a plant metabolite. It is a member of xanthones and a polyphenol. Norathyriol has been reported in Garcinia cowa, Hypericum sampsonii, and other organisms with data available.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~384.32 mM) H2O : < 0.1 mg/mL

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (9.61 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (9.61 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (9.61 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	3.8432 mL	19.2160 mL	38.4320 mL
	5 mM	0.7686 mL	3.8432 mL	7.6864 mL
	10 mM	0.3843 mL	1.9216 mL	3.8432 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.