Nipecotic acid ((±)-β-Homoproline) is a potent inhibitor of neuronal and glial aminobutyric acid (GABA) uptake in vitro. Nipecotic acid can also directly activate GABAA-like chloride channels with EC50 of approximately 300 μM.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C6H11NO2
Molecular Weight	129.16
Exact Mass	129.078
CAS #	498-95-3
PubChem CID	4498
Appearance	White to off-white solid powder
Density	1.1±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point	265.8±33.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point	261ºC (dec.)
Flash Point	114.5±25.4 °C
Vapour Pressure	0.0±1.1 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.479
LogP	-0.04
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	3
Rotatable Bond Count	1
Heavy Atom Count	9
Complexity	114
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
InChi Key	XJLSEXAGTJCILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C6H11NO2/c8-6(9)5-2-1-3-7-4-5/h5,7H,1-4H2,(H,8,9)
Chemical Name	piperidine-3-carboxylic acid
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

Targets	GABA Receptor[1]
ln Vitro	Applying nipecotic acid (1 mM) to outside-out patches of paraventricular neurones induced inward unitary currents[1].
ln Vivo	The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is not easily crossed by nipecotic acid[2].
References	[1]. Nipecotic acid directly activates GABA(A)-like ion channels. Br J Pharmacol. 2001 Jul;133(5):673-8. [2]. Design, Synthesis and Enhanced BBB Penetration Studies of L-serine-Tethered Nipecotic Acid-Prodrug. Drug Res (Stuttg). 2021 Feb;71(2):94-103.
Additional Infomation	Nipecotic acid is a piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is piperidine in which one of the hydrogens at position 3 is substituted by a carboxylic acid group. It is a piperidinemonocarboxylic acid and a beta-amino acid.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)	H2O: 50 mg/mL (387.12 mM) DMSO: < 1 mg/mL
Solubility (In Vivo)	Solubility in Formulation 1: 50 mg/mL (387.12 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	7.7423 mL	38.7117 mL	77.4234 mL
	5 mM	1.5485 mL	7.7423 mL	15.4847 mL
	10 mM	0.7742 mL	3.8712 mL	7.7423 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.