Physicochemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C6H6N2O.HCL |
| Exact Mass | 158.025 |
| Elemental Analysis | C, 45.44; H, 4.45; Cl, 22.35; N, 17.66; O, 10.09 |
| CAS # | 25334-23-0 |
| Related CAS # | Nicotinamide;98-92-0 |
| PubChem CID | 91408 |
| Appearance | Typically exists as solid at room temperature |
| Boiling Point | 334.4ºC at 760mmHg |
| Flash Point | 156ºC |
| Vapour Pressure | 0.000128mmHg at 25°C |
| LogP | 1.682 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 2 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 2 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 1 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 10 |
| Complexity | 114 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| SMILES | NC(C1=CN=CC=C1)=O.Cl |
| InChi Key | OBLVPWTUALCMGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| InChi Code | InChI=1S/C6H6N2O.ClH/c7-6(9)5-2-1-3-8-4-5;/h1-4H,(H2,7,9);1H |
| Chemical Name | pyridine-3-carboxamide;hydrochloride |
| HS Tariff Code | 2934.99.9001 |
| Storage |
Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition | Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs) |
Biological Activity
| Targets | SIRT2 (EC50 = 2 μM); SIRT1 (EC50 = 50~180 μM) |
| ln Vitro | In A375 and SK-MEL-28 cells, nicotinamide hydrochloride (0–50 mM, 24/48 hours) decreases the number of cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner [1]. A375 cells accumulate in the G1 phase, decrease in the S phase, and rise in the sub-G1 phase (cell disinfection) when exposed to nicotinamide hydrochloride (10–50 mM) for 24 hours [1]. In A375 and SK-MEL-28 cells, nicotinamide hydrochloride (1–50 mM, 6 hours) raises NAD. In vitro, nicotinamide hydrochloride (0.01–20 mM, 1 hour) suppresses SIRT2 enzyme activity with an EC50 of 2 μM[1]. HepAD38 HBV, ATP, and ROS levels are inhibited by nicotinamide hydrochloride (0–64 mM) [1]. By suppressing CK1 and ROCK, nicotinamide hydrochloride (10 mM, day 13) enhances cell multiplication from human blood stem cell (hESC) cells [4]. |
| ln Vivo | Nicotinamide hydrochloride (ip, 1500 and 1800 mg/Kg, 5 days per week) interferes with tumor growth in melanoma animals [1]. Nicotinamide hydrochloride (ip, 1800 mg/Kg, once daily, mouse model of metastatic melanoma) affects IFN-γ, a key mediator of cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity, and increases TNF levels of Eotaxin and IL-5 , Reduce TNF levels of IL-3, IL-12, RANTES and IL-10 Nicotinamide hydrochloride (intravenous injection, 0-200 mg/kg, 5 days) inhibits HBV replication in the center of the HBV switch button [3]. |
| Cell Assay |
Cell viability assay[1] Cell Types: Replication in HepG2.2.15 cells[3]. A375, SK-MEL-28, mouse B16-F10 Cell Tested Concentrations: 0, 1, 20, 50 mM Incubation Duration: 24 hrs (hours), 48 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Cell number diminished in a dose-dependent manner, with strong effects at 20mM and 20mM Inhibition is almost complete at 50 mM. Cell cycle analysis[1] Cell Types: A375, SK-MEL-28 Tested Concentrations: 10, 20, 50 mM Incubation Duration: 24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: A375 cells arrested in G1 phase. |
| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: C57BL/6 mice (subcutaneous injection of B16-F10 cells) [1]. 1] Doses: 1000, 1500, 1800 mg/kg. Route of Administration: intraperitoneal (ip) injection, 5 days per week (followed by 2 days off) or one time/day. Experimental Results: 1500 and 1800 mg/Kg inhibited tumor growth and had no effect on body weight. Increases the frequency of IFN-γ-producing cells and modulates protein levels of cytokines and chemokines in the plasma of tumor-bearing mice. Animal/Disease Models: HBV transgenic mice [3] Doses: 0-200 mg/kg Route of Administration: intravenous (iv) (iv)injection, 5 days Experimental Results: Reduction of serum HBV DNA. |
| References |
[1]. Nicotinamide inhibits melanoma in vitro and in vivo. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2020 Oct 7;39(1):211. [2]. Nicotinamide is an inhibitor of SIRT1 in vitro, but can be a stimulator in cells. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2017 Sep;74(18):3347-3362. [3]. The SIRT1 inhibitor, nicotinamide, inhibits hepatitis B virus replication in vitro and in vivo. Arch Virol. 2016 Mar;161(3):621-30. [4]. Nicotinamide promotes pancreatic differentiation through the dual inhibition of CK1 and ROCK kinases in human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2021 Jun 25;12(1):362. |
Solubility Data
| Solubility (In Vitro) | May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples |
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |