Neuronostatin-13 human is a 13-amino-acid peptide hormone encoded by the somatostatin gene, which plays important roles in regulating hormones and heart function.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C64H110N20O16
Molecular Weight	1415.68261384964
Exact Mass	1414.84
CAS #	1096485-24-3
PubChem CID	138106610
Appearance	White to off-white solid powder
LogP	3.376
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	20
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	19
Rotatable Bond Count	48
Heavy Atom Count	100
Complexity	2780
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	13
SMILES	O=C([C@H](CC(C)C)NC([C@@H](CC1C=CC=CC=1)NC([C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC([C@H](CCC/N=C(\N)/N)NC([C@H](CC(C)C)N)=O)=O)=O)=O)N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(N[C@@H](CO)C(N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(N)=O)C)=O)C)=O)C)=O)C)=O)CC(C)C)=O)=O)CCCCN)=O)CCC(N)=O
InChi Key	FOBROQPAHZFJIA-QACLBKBCSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C64H110N20O16/c1-32(2)27-40(66)55(92)77-42(20-16-26-72-64(70)71)56(93)79-44(22-24-50(68)87)59(96)83-47(30-39-17-12-11-13-18-39)62(99)81-46(29-34(5)6)61(98)80-43(21-23-49(67)86)58(95)78-41(19-14-15-25-65)57(94)84-48(31-85)63(100)82-45(28-33(3)4)60(97)76-38(10)54(91)75-37(9)53(90)74-36(8)52(89)73-35(7)51(69)88/h11-13,17-18,32-38,40-48,85H,14-16,19-31,65-66H2,1-10H3,(H2,67,86)(H2,68,87)(H2,69,88)(H,73,89)(H,74,90)(H,75,91)(H,76,97)(H,77,92)(H,78,95)(H,79,93)(H,80,98)(H,81,99)(H,82,100)(H,83,96)(H,84,94)(H4,70,71,72)/t35-,36-,37-,38-,40-,41-,42-,43-,44-,45-,46-,47+,48-/m0/s1
Chemical Name	(2S)-N-[(2R)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-5-amino-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]pentanediamide
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro	The somatostatin gene encodes neuronostatin-13, a 13-amino acid peptide hormone that is crucial for controlling cardiac and hormonal processes. In comparison to islets treated with control medium alone, treatment with Neuronostatin-13 human (1,000 nM) improves low-glucose-induced glucagon release. When compared to control cells treated with vehicle, the accumulation of glucagon mRNA is significantly increased after a one-hour treatment with Neuronostatin-13 human. When αTC1-9 α-cells are treated with 100 nM Neuronostatin-13 human, phosphorylated PKA levels rise between 30 and 40 minutes[1].
ln Vivo	In the rat model, infusion of Neuronostatin-13 human postpones the clearance of glucose, resulting in notably elevated blood glucose levels in animals treated with Neuronostatin-13 human at 1 and 10 minutes after intra-arterial injection of a glucose bolus[1]. Heart rate significantly decreases after 3, 6, and 12 hours with Neuronostatin-13 human challenge, according to chocardiographic assessment. Additionally, between 6 and 12 hours after a Neuronostatin-13 human challenge, Neuronostatin-13 human treatment significantly reduces left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD) and fractional shortening without affecting left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD). The effect reaches its baseline 18 hours later[2].
References	[1]. Neuronostatin inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin secretion via direct action on the pancreatic α-cell. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2014 Jun 1;306(11):E1257-63. [2]. Neuronostatin attenuates myocardial contractile function through inhibition of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase in murine heart. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2014;33(6):1921-32.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)	H2O : ~25 mg/mL (~17.66 mM)
Solubility (In Vivo)	Solubility in Formulation 1: 100 mg/mL (70.64 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	0.7064 mL	3.5319 mL	7.0637 mL
	5 mM	0.1413 mL	0.7064 mL	1.4127 mL
	10 mM	0.0706 mL	0.3532 mL	0.7064 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.