Nelonemdaz (Salfaprodil) potassium is an NR2B-selective and noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist and a free radical scavenger. Nelonemdaz potassium has excellent neuro-protection effects against NMDA- and free radical-induced cell death.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C15H8F7KNO3
Molecular Weight	422.316049575806
Exact Mass	420.995
CAS #	916214-57-8
Related CAS #	Nelonemdaz;640290-67-1
PubChem CID	23684338
Appearance	Off-white to light yellow solid powder
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	11
Rotatable Bond Count	4
Heavy Atom Count	27
Complexity	496
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
SMILES	[K].O=C(C1C(O)=CC=C(NCC2C(F)=C(F)C(C(F)(F)F)=C(F)C=2F)C=1)O
InChi Key	KLOANMLPWLPVSW-UHFFFAOYSA-M
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C15H8F7NO3.K/c16-10-7(11(17)13(19)9(12(10)18)15(20,21)22)4-23-5-1-2-8(24)6(3-5)14(25)26;/h1-3,23-24H,4H2,(H,25,26);/q;+1/p-1
Chemical Name	potassium;2-hydroxy-5-[[2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methylamino]benzoate
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

Targets	NMDA[1]
ln Vitro	At dosages as low as 30 μM, nelonemdaz potassium (10-300 μM) exhibits apparent neuroprotection against 300 μM N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)[1]. In a concentration-dependent manner, nelonemdaz potassium (10-500 μM) suppresses the electrophysiologic response of cultured cortical neurons to 300 μM NMDA[1]. Even at dosages of 0.1 to 0.3 μM, nelonemdaz potassium (0.1-1 μM) significantly reduces Fe2+-induced neurotoxicity[1]. Superoxide radicals (IC50=63.07±1.44 μM), nitric oxide (IC50=155.8±4.88 μM), and hydroxyl radicals (IC50=58.45±1.74 μM) are all efficiently scavenged by nelonemdaz potassium (0-350 μM)[3]. With an IC50 of 2.21±0.11 μM, nelonemdaz potassium (0.78-12.5 μM) reduces the amount of ROS/RNS production generated by antimycin A in a dose-dependent manner [3]. With an IC50 of 2.72±0.26 μM, nelonemdaz potassium (0.19-12.5 μM) suppresses the production of malondialdehyde (MDA)[3]. Nelonemdaz potassium (0-125 μM) efficiently lowers the lipid peroxidation caused by iron ascorbate (IC50= 24.56±0.07 μM)[3].
ln Vivo	Nelonemdaz potassium (0.5–20 mg/kg; IV) significantly and dose-dependently decreases cerebral infarct developing 24 hours after 60 minutes of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) occlusion[1]. Nelonemdaz potassium (5 mg/kg; IV) guards against ischemic brain injury in both gray and white matter, including axons and myelin[1].
Animal Protocol	Animal/Disease Models: Male SD (Sprague-Dawley) rats (260 to 300 g) (clip occlusion model)[1] Doses: 0.5-20 mg/ kg Route of Administration: Iv administration 5 mins after reperfusion Experimental Results: Produced a large neuroprotective effect, with a maximal reduction in infarct volume of 66% at doses of 2.5 to 5 mg/kg. Not observed neuronal damage in the most vulnerable cortical area after administration of 5 mg/kg. Animal/Disease Models: Male SD (Sprague-Dawley) rats (260 to 300 g) (intraluminal thread occlusion model)[1] Doses: 5 mg/kg Route of Administration: Iv administration 30 mins after reperfusion Experimental Results: Did not change physiological variables such as arterial pH, PCO2, PO2, and hematocrit. decreased infarct volume evolving in the cortex and the striatum substantially. decreased white matter damage in the striatum and external capsule markedly.
References	[1]. Marked prevention of ischemic brain injury by Neu2000, an NMDA antagonist and antioxidant derived from aspirin and sulfasalazine. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2007 Jun;27(6):1142-51. [2]. Neu2000, an NR2B-selective, Moderate NMDA Receptor Antagonist and Potent Spin Trapping Molecule for Stroke. Drug News Perspect. 2010 Nov; 23(9): 549-56. [3]. Antioxidant Properties of Neu2000 on Mitochondrial Free Radicals and Oxidative Damage. Toxicol In Vitro. 2013 Mar; 27(2): 788-97.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO: 200 mg/mL (474.71 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	2.3679 mL	11.8394 mL	23.6787 mL
	5 mM	0.4736 mL	2.3679 mL	4.7357 mL
	10 mM	0.2368 mL	1.1839 mL	2.3679 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.