Napsagatran hydrate is a novel and specific inhibitor of extrinsic and intrinsic thrombin generation which inhibits clot-bound and free (fluid-phase) thrombin.
Physicochemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C26H34N6O6S.H2O |
| Molecular Weight | 576.66504 |
| Exact Mass | 576.237 |
| CAS # | 159668-20-9 |
| PubChem CID | 11954363 |
| Appearance | Typically exists as solid at room temperature |
| LogP | 3.21 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 6 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 9 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 12 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 40 |
| Complexity | 1030 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 2 |
| SMILES | O=C(NC[C@H]1CN(C(N)=N)CCC1)C[C@@H](C(N(C2CC2)CC(O)=O)=O)NS(C3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3)(=O)=O.O |
| InChi Key | TYAMPCPJIDBUQW-ZLLYMXMVSA-N |
| InChi Code | InChI=1S/C26H34N6O6S.H2O/c27-26(28)31-11-3-4-17(15-31)14-29-23(33)13-22(25(36)32(16-24(34)35)20-8-9-20)30-39(37,38)21-10-7-18-5-1-2-6-19(18)12-21;/h1-2,5-7,10,12,17,20,22,30H,3-4,8-9,11,13-16H2,(H3,27,28)(H,29,33)(H,34,35);1H2/t17-,22-;/m0./s1 |
| Chemical Name | 2-[[(2S)-4-[[(3S)-1-carbamimidoylpiperidin-3-yl]methylamino]-2-(naphthalen-2-ylsulfonylamino)-4-oxobutanoyl]-cyclopropylamino]acetic acid;hydrate |
| HS Tariff Code | 2934.99.9001 |
| Storage |
Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition | Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs) |
Biological Activity
| ln Vitro | Napsagatran (Ro 46-6240) is a selective thrombin inhibitor that, fifteen minutes after a bolus injection of napsagatran obvious, induces a dose-dependent lengthening of activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and prothrombin time (PT). In addition, napsagatran decreases reperfusion duration and, in a dose-dependent way, postpones or avoids reocclusion [1]. Compound efflux from the cells into the culture medium and reduced intracellular levels are assessed. The range of the medications' efflux rates is shown by the measured CLint,efflux values for digoxin, fexofenadine, napgatran, and rosuvastatin, which are 0.13±0.06, 3.2±0.6, 10.1±2.3, and 110±2.8, respectively[2]. |
| ln Vivo | In rabbits treated with placebo, AP-1, and napsagatran, radioactivity integrated into the thrombus increased by 73±13%, 67±22%, and 32±10% from baseline after the first hour (0 to 60 minutes) of dosage. %. The rabbits in the AP-1 and placebo groups did not differ in their thrombus growth, according to statistical analysis. Conversely, the decrease in 125I-fibrinogen incorporation caused by Napsagatran differed statistically (P<0.01) from the placebo group [3]. |
| References |
[1]. Interaction of a thrombin inhibitor and a platelet GP IIb/IIIa antagonist in vivo: evidence thatthrombin mediates platelet aggregation and subsequent thromboxane A2 formation during coronary thrombolysis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1997 Jun;2. [2]. Prediction of in vivo rat biliary drug clearance from an in vitro hepatocyte efflux model. Drug Metab Dispos. 2014 Mar;42(3):459-68. [3]. Inhibition of tissue factor limits the growth of venous thrombus in the rabbit. J Thromb Haemost. 2003 May;1(5):889-95. |
Solubility Data
| Solubility (In Vitro) | May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples |
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.7341 mL | 8.6705 mL | 17.3409 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3468 mL | 1.7341 mL | 3.4682 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1734 mL | 0.8670 mL | 1.7341 mL |