NS-102 is a selective kainate (GluK2) receptor blocker (antagonist). NS-102 is a potent GluR6/7 receptor blocker (antagonist).

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C12H11N3O4
Molecular Weight	261.23
Exact Mass	261.075
CAS #	136623-01-3
PubChem CID	4461601
Appearance	Off-white to yellow solid powder
Density	1.74g/cm3
Boiling Point	405.8ºC at 760mmHg
Flash Point	199.2ºC
Vapour Pressure	2.81E-08mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.794
LogP	2.132
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	5
Rotatable Bond Count	0
Heavy Atom Count	19
Complexity	386
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
InChi Key	SADZJARZJNQZHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C12H11N3O4/c16-12-11(14-17)8-5-9(15(18)19)6-3-1-2-4-7(6)10(8)13-12/h5,13,16H,1-4H2
Chemical Name	5-nitro-3-nitroso-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[g]indol-2-ol
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro	When NS-102 (10 μM) and GYKI 52466 (30 μM) are combined, compound action potential (CAP) is not completely lost during oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) and the CAP area recovers more quickly [1].
ln Vivo	The hippocampal CA3 region treated with NS-102 (20, 40, or 80 μMol) dramatically lessens sevoflurane-induced ADHD [1].
References	[1]. Excitotoxic mechanisms of ischemic injury in myelinated white matter. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2007 Sep;27(9):1540-52. [2]. Sevoflurane activates hippocampal CA3 kainate receptors (Gluk2) to induce hyperactivity during induction and recovery in a mouse model. Br J Anaesth. 2017 Nov 1;119(5):1047-1054. [3]. Kainate receptor-mediated modulation of hippocampal fast spiking interneurons in a rat model of schizophrenia. PLoS One. 2012;7(3):e32483.
Additional Infomation	NS-102 is a nitronaphthalene.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO: 4 mg/mL (15.31 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	3.8280 mL	19.1402 mL	38.2804 mL
	5 mM	0.7656 mL	3.8280 mL	7.6561 mL
	10 mM	0.3828 mL	1.9140 mL	3.8280 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.