NHI-2 is a novel, potent, selective and cell membrane permeable inhibitor of human lactate dehydrogenase isoform A (LDH-A; IC50 values 14.7 µM and 55.8 µM in a NADH competition assay for LDH-A and LDH-B, respectively), whcih is a key enzyme necessary to sustain glycolysis, the major pathway used by many cancer cells for cell growth and proliferation (the Warburg effect). It acts by reducing lactate production in HeLa cells and has anti-glycolytic activity against a variety of cancer cells. NHI-2 inhibited cell growth of pancreatic cancer LPC006 and PANC-1 cells and enhanced the antiproliferative effects of Gemcitabine and caused apoptosis in colon cancer HCT116 cells.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C17H12F3NO3
Molecular Weight	335.27729511261
Exact Mass	335.076
CAS #	1269802-97-2
PubChem CID	51355147
Appearance	White to off-white solid powder
Density	1.4±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point	495.7±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point	253.6±31.5 °C
Vapour Pressure	0.0±1.3 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.567
LogP	5.14
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	6
Rotatable Bond Count	3
Heavy Atom Count	24
Complexity	465
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
InChi Key	YPPFWRWCZNXINO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C17H12F3NO3/c1-24-16(22)15-9-12-13(17(18,19)20)7-11(8-14(12)21(15)23)10-5-3-2-4-6-10/h2-9,23H,1H3
Chemical Name	Methyl 1-hydroxy-6-phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylate
Synonyms	NHI-2 NHI 2 NHI2
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

References

Czyż DM, Willett JW, Crosson S. Brucella abortus Induces a Warburg Shift in Host Metabolism That Is Linked to Enhanced Intracellular Survival of the Pathogen. J Bacteriol. 2017 Jul 11;199(15). pii: e00227-17. doi: 10.1128/JB.00227-17. Print 2017 Aug 1. PubMed PMID: 28559292; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5512224.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO : ~25 mg/mL (~74.56 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	2.9826 mL	14.9129 mL	29.8258 mL
	5 mM	0.5965 mL	2.9826 mL	5.9652 mL
	10 mM	0.2983 mL	1.4913 mL	2.9826 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.