N-Acetyl-D-cysteine has anti-oxidant effect and scavenges ROS by reacting with sulfhydryl groups, but it cannot enter the glutathione metabolic pathway.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C5H9NO3S
Molecular Weight	163.19
Exact Mass	163.03
CAS #	26117-28-2
PubChem CID	94364
Appearance	White to off-white solid powder
Density	1.3±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point	407.7±40.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point	200.4±27.3 °C
Vapour Pressure	0.0±2.0 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.519
LogP	-0.15
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	4
Rotatable Bond Count	3
Heavy Atom Count	10
Complexity	148
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	1
SMILES	CC(=O)N[C@H](CS)C(=O)O
InChi Key	PWKSKIMOESPYIA-SCSAIBSYSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C5H9NO3S/c1-3(7)6-4(2-10)5(8)9/h4,10H,2H2,1H3,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)/t4-/m1/s1
Chemical Name	(2S)-2-acetamido-3-sulfanylpropanoic acid
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro	Though GSH monoester does, N-acetyl-D-cysteine (20 mM; 1 hour pretreatment; 12 hours) did not raise intracellular GSH levels. D-NAC is unable to promote hypoxia apoptosis. This indicates that GSH, not D-NAC or NAC, is the factor that promotes hypoxia apoptosis[3].
References	[1]. Glutathione Participates in the Regulation of Mitophagy in Yeast.J Biol Chem. 2009 May 29;284(22):14828-37. [2]. Selective Effects of N-acetylcysteine Stereoisomers on Hepatic Glutathione and Plasma Sulfate in Mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. [3]. N-Acetyl-L-cysteine Enhances Apoptosis Through Inhibition of Nuclear factor-kappaB in Hypoxic Murine Embryonic Fibroblasts. J Biol Chem.
Additional Infomation	N-Acetyl-D-cysteine is a N-acyl-amino acid. N-Acetyl-D-cysteine is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Acetylcysteine (annotation moved to).

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)	H2O: 250 mg/mL (1531.96 mM)
Solubility (In Vivo)	Solubility in Formulation 1: 100 mg/mL (612.78 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	6.1278 mL	30.6391 mL	61.2783 mL
	5 mM	1.2256 mL	6.1278 mL	12.2557 mL
	10 mM	0.6128 mL	3.0639 mL	6.1278 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.