Mito-apocynin (C2) is an orally bioactive mitochondrial compound targeting triphenylphosphine (TPP). Mito-apocynin (C2) is synthesized by combining the apocynin moiety with the TPP+ cation. Mito-apocynin (C2) has anti~inflammatory effects.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C28H27BRNO3P
Molecular Weight	536.396647691727
Exact Mass	535.091
CAS #	1254044-41-1
PubChem CID	49802132
Appearance	Light yellow to yellow solid powder
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	4
Rotatable Bond Count	8
Heavy Atom Count	34
Complexity	550
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
SMILES	[Br-].[P+](C1C=CC=CC=1)(C1C=CC=CC=1)(C1C=CC=CC=1)CCNC(C1C=CC(=C(C=1)OC)O)=O
InChi Key	VCBKDUGPZYICTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C28H26NO3P.BrH/c1-32-27-21-22(17-18-26(27)30)28(31)29-19-20-33(23-11-5-2-6-12-23,24-13-7-3-8-14-24)25-15-9-4-10-16-25;/h2-18,21H,19-20H2,1H3,(H-,29,30,31);1H
Chemical Name	2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoyl)amino]ethyl-triphenylphosphanium;bromide
Synonyms	Mitoapocynin (C2); Mito apocynin (C2)
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vivo	It is possible to achieve anti-neuroinflammatory effects using mito-apocynin (C2) (3 mg/kg; oral; once daily for 12 days) [1].
Animal Protocol	Animal/Disease Models: Parkinson's disease MPTP mouse model [1] Doses: 3 mg/kg Route of Administration: po (oral gavage); one time/day for 12 days Experimental Results: Dramatically attenuated MPTP-induced glial cell activation and pro-inflammatory cells Factor upregulation, inducible nitric oxide synthase and NOX2 components (gp91phox).
References	[1]. Mitochondria-Targeted Triphenylphosphonium-Based Compounds: Syntheses, Mechanisms of Action, and Therapeutic and Diagnostic Applications. Chem Rev. 2017 Aug 9;117(15):10043-10120.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~186.43 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.66 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.66 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.66 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	1.8643 mL	9.3214 mL	18.6428 mL
	5 mM	0.3729 mL	1.8643 mL	3.7286 mL
	10 mM	0.1864 mL	0.9321 mL	1.8643 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.