Minoxidil sulfate is a potent ATP-sensitive K+ channel agonist and the sulfate metabolite of minoxidil. Minoxidil sulfate is believed to be a vasodilator and promotes hair growth in experimental animal models.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C9H15N5O4S
Molecular Weight	289.31
Exact Mass	289.084
CAS #	83701-22-8
PubChem CID	138113345
Appearance	White to off-white solid powder
Boiling Point	732ºC at 760 mmHg
Melting Point	175-180°C
Flash Point	396.5ºC
LogP	0.72
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	7
Rotatable Bond Count	3
Heavy Atom Count	19
Complexity	529
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

Targets	IC50: K channel[2]
ln Vitro	Blood-brain tumor barrier (BTB) permeability in RBMEC monolayers is significantly reduced by minoxidil suLfate (1-100 μM; 2 hours) in a time-dependent manner. Additionally, high concentrations of MS have a high effect on transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) after 2 hours[2]. In brain tumor tissue, minoxidil sulfate (0-100 μM; 0-4 hours) elevated RhoA activity for 1 hour, peaking at 2 hours. Moreover, it strongly increased PKB phosphorylation at Ser-473 in a transitory manner without changing PKB levels overall. Furthermore, LY294002 partially inhibits PKB phosphorylation produced by MS [2].
Cell Assay	Western Blot Analysis[2] Cell Types: Rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (RBMECs) Tested Concentrations: 0-100 μM Incubation Duration: 15 mins, 30 mins, 1 hour, 2 hrs (hours), 4 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Induced RhoA activation and PKB phosphorylation at Ser -473.
References	[1]. Minoxidil sulfate is the active metabolite that stimulates hair follicles. J Invest Dermatol. 1990 Nov;95(5):553-7. [2]. Minoxidil sulfate induced the increase in blood-brain tumor barrier permeability through ROS/RhoA/PI3K/PKB signaling pathway.Neuropharmacology 2013 Dec;75:407-15.doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm. [3]. Effect of minoxidil sulfate and pinacidil on single potassium channel current in cultured human outer root sheath cells and dermal papilla cells. J Dermatol Sci. 1994 Jul;7 Suppl:S104-8.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO: 250 mg/mL (864.12 mM) H2O: 50 mg/mL (172.82 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.19 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.19 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.19 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	3.4565 mL	17.2825 mL	34.5650 mL
	5 mM	0.6913 mL	3.4565 mL	6.9130 mL
	10 mM	0.3457 mL	1.7282 mL	3.4565 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.