Methyl vanillate, the methyl ester of vanillic acid, is a natural product from Hovenia dulcis and Oryza sativa Linn, acting as a Wnt/β-catenin activator with an antioxidant activity.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C9H10O4
Molecular Weight	182.18
Exact Mass	182.057
CAS #	3943-74-6
PubChem CID	19844
Appearance	Off-white to light brown solid powder
Density	1.2±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point	286.0±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point	64-67 °C(lit.)
Flash Point	120.2±15.8 °C
Vapour Pressure	0.0±0.6 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.534
LogP	1.54
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	4
Rotatable Bond Count	3
Heavy Atom Count	13
Complexity	181
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
InChi Key	BVWTXUYLKBHMOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C9H10O4/c1-12-8-5-6(9(11)13-2)3-4-7(8)10/h3-5,10H,1-2H3
Chemical Name	Benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-, methyl ester
Synonyms	NSC-74385NSC 74385 Methyl vanillateNSC74385
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro	In calvarial osteoblasts, methyl vanillate (0-100 μM) promotes nuclear translocation and β-catenin expression. In a dose-dependent manner, methyl vanillate raises ALP activity in skull osteoblasts [1].
References	[1]. Hovenia dulcis Thunb extract and its ingredient methyl vanillate activate Wnt/β-catenin pathway and increase bone mass in growing or ovariectomized mice. PLoS One. 2014 Jan 22;9(1):e85546.
Additional Infomation	Methyl vanillate is a benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of vanillic acid. It has a role as an antioxidant and a plant metabolite. It is a benzoate ester, a member of phenols and an aromatic ether. It is functionally related to a vanillic acid. Methyl vanillate has been reported in Rhinacanthus nasutus, Aristolochia kankauensis, and other organisms with data available. Methyl vanillate is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (~548.94 mM) H2O : ~1.67 mg/mL (~9.17 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.72 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.72 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.72 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. Solubility in Formulation 4: 2 mg/mL (10.98 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication (<60°C).  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	5.4891 mL	27.4454 mL	54.8908 mL
	5 mM	1.0978 mL	5.4891 mL	10.9782 mL
	10 mM	0.5489 mL	2.7445 mL	5.4891 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.