Mafenide is a potent sulfonamide anti-bacterial agent that can be used on burn wounds. Mafenide has activivty against both Gram-positive (Gram+) and Gram-negative (Gram-) organisms like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, by inhibiting nucleotide synthesis.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C7H10N2O2S
Molecular Weight	186.2315
Exact Mass	186.046
CAS #	138-39-6
Related CAS #	Mafenide Acetate;13009-99-9;Mafenide hydrochloride;138-37-4
PubChem CID	3998
Appearance	Typically exists as solid at room temperature
Density	1.3±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point	382.0±44.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point	177-178℃ (decomposition)
Flash Point	184.8±28.4 °C
Vapour Pressure	0.0±0.9 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.602
LogP	-0.8
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	4
Rotatable Bond Count	2
Heavy Atom Count	12
Complexity	224
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
SMILES	O=S(C1=CC=C(CN)C=C1)(N)=O
InChi Key	TYMRLRRVMHJFTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C7H10N2O2S/c8-5-6-1-3-7(4-2-6)12(9,10)11/h1-4H,5,8H2,(H2,9,10,11)
Chemical Name	4-(aminomethyl)benzenesulfonamide
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ADME/Pharmacokinetics	Absorption, Distribution and Excretion Mafenide is absorbed through devascularized areas into the systemic circulation following topical administration. Renal—Metabolite rapidly excreted in urine in high concentrations; however, the parent compound has not been detected in urine. Metabolism / Metabolites Metabolized to a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor.
References	[1]. The Effective Duration of Antimicrobial Activity of Mafenide Acetate After Reconstitution. J Burn Care Res. 2018 Aug 17;39(5):736-738. [2]. Haynes, B.W., Jr., Mafenide acetate in burn treatment. N Engl J Med, 1971. 284(23): p. 1324.
Additional Infomation	Mafenide is an aromatic amine. Mafenide is a sulfonamide-type antimicrobial agent used to treat severe burns. It acts by reducing the bacterial population present in the burn tissue and promotes healing of deep burns. In 1998, mafenide acetate was approved under the FDA’s accelerated approval regulations. In November 2022, the use of mafenide acetate (powder for 5% topical solution) was withdrawn by the FDA due to an unresolved confirmatory study required to fulfill the accelerated approval requirements. Mafenide is a Methylated Sulfonamide Antibacterial. A sulfonamide that inhibits the enzyme CARBONIC ANHYDRASE and is used as a topical anti-bacterial agent, especially in burn therapy. See also: Mafenide Acetate (has salt form); Mafenide Hydrochloride (has salt form). Drug Indication Indicated for use as an adjunctive topical antimicrobial agent to control bacterial infection when used under moist dressings over meshed autografts on excised burn wounds. FDA Label Mechanism of Action The precise mechanism of mafenide is unknown. However, mafenide reduces the bacterial population in the avascular burn tissue and promotes spontaneous heeling of deep burns.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	5.3697 mL	26.8485 mL	53.6970 mL
	5 mM	1.0739 mL	5.3697 mL	10.7394 mL
	10 mM	0.5370 mL	2.6849 mL	5.3697 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.