Physicochemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C15H21NAO5 |
| Molecular Weight | 304.3140 |
| Exact Mass | 304.129 |
| CAS # | 226721-96-6 |
| Related CAS # | Loxoprofen;68767-14-6;Loxoprofen sodium;80382-23-6 |
| PubChem CID | 23674745 |
| Appearance | White to off-white solid powder |
| Melting Point | 198 °C(dec.) |
| LogP | 1.323 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 2 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 5 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 4 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 21 |
| Complexity | 321 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| InChi Key | BAZQYVYVKYOAGO-UHFFFAOYSA-M |
| InChi Code | InChI=1S/C15H18O3.Na.2H2O/c1-10(15(17)18)12-7-5-11(6-8-12)9-13-3-2-4-14(13)16;;;/h5-8,10,13H,2-4,9H2,1H3,(H,17,18);;2*1H2/q;+1;;/p-1 |
| Chemical Name | sodium;2-[4-[(2-oxocyclopentyl)methyl]phenyl]propanoate;dihydrate |
| HS Tariff Code | 2934.99.9001 |
| Storage |
Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition | Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs) |
Biological Activity
| ln Vitro | Loxoprofen sodium dihydrate is a non-selective COX inhibitor and an anti-inflammatory prodrug (NSAID). The IC50 values for COX-1 and COX-2 in the human whole blood assay are 6.5 and 6.5, respectively. and 13.5 μM [1]. A common non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor used to investigate pain and inflammation in both chronic and acute illnesses is loxoprofen (LOX) sodium dihydrate. Carbonyl reductase (CR) creates its alcohol metabolite, which is made up of both active trans-LOX and inactive cis-LOX. Furthermore, cytochrome P450 (CYP) has the ability to transform LOX sodium dihydrate into inactive hydroxylated metabolites (OH-LOXs) [2]. |
| ln Vivo | By decreasing inflammation, loxoprofen sodium (4 mg/kg/day; PO; 1 or 8 weeks) dihydrate lowers atherosclerosis in rats [3]. By blocking VEGF, loxoprofen sodium (60 μg/mL; oral; 24 days) dihydrate prevents tumor growth in mice [4]. |
| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: ApoE-/- mice (C57BL/6J-Apoetm1Unc), 8 to 16 weeks old, high-fat diet (0.2% cholesterol, 21% saturated fat) [3] Doses: 4 mg/kg/day, given in drinking water Medication method: Oral administration at 8 to 16 weeks of age or 15 to 16 weeks of age. Experimental Results: Inhibition of platelet thromboxane production and platelet aggregation. Reduce the extent of atherosclerosis. Inhibits the production of PGE2, TxB2 and PGI2. Animal/Disease Models: 6weeks old male C57BL/6 and BDF1 mice, 100 μL suspension of LLC cells and KLN205 cells (2×106 cells/mL) were subcutaneously (sc) (sc) injected into C57BL/6 and BDF1 mice respectively [4]. Doses: 60 μg/mL Route of Administration: Orally administered daily for 24 days Experimental Results: Inhibited tumor growth and angiogenesis in LLC tumor mice, inhibited VEGF expression, and inhibited HUVEC tube formation. |
| References |
[1]. Evaluation of loxoprofen and its alcohol metabolites for potency and selectivity of inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2004;14(5):1201-1203. [2]. Assessing Drug Interaction and Pharmacokinetics of Loxoprofen in Mice Treated with CYP3A Modulators. Pharmaceutics. 2019;11(9):479. Published 2019 Sep 16. [3]. Loxoprofen Sodium, a Non-Selective NSAID, Reduces Atherosclerosis in Mice by Reducing Inflammation. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2010 Sep;47(2):138-47. [4]. Loxoprofen sodium suppresses mouse tumor growth by inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor. Acta Oncol. 2003;42(1):62-70. |
| Additional Infomation | Loxoprofen sodium hydrate is a hydrate that is the dihydrate form of loxoprofen sodium. The parent acid, loxoprofen, is a prodrug that is rapidly converted into its active trans-alcohol metabolite following oral administration. It has a role as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, a non-narcotic analgesic, an EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor and an antipyretic. It contains a loxoprofen sodium. |
Solubility Data
| Solubility (In Vitro) | May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples |
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.2861 mL | 16.4306 mL | 32.8612 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6572 mL | 3.2861 mL | 6.5722 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3286 mL | 1.6431 mL | 3.2861 mL |