Lobetyol is a natural compound extracted from Lobelia chinensis. Lobetyol causes apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in MKN45 cells. Lobetyol has antiviral, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C14H18O3
Molecular Weight	234.29
Exact Mass	234.126
CAS #	136171-87-4
PubChem CID	5807986
Appearance	Typically exists as solid at room temperature
Density	1.133±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)
Boiling Point	468.3±45.0 °C(Predicted)
LogP	0.619
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	3
Rotatable Bond Count	6
Heavy Atom Count	17
Complexity	381
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
SMILES	C/C=C/C#CC#CC(C(/C=C/CCCO)O)O
InChi Key	RKOQCMNXJZJWBU-FWTOVJONSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C14H18O3/c1-2-3-4-5-7-10-13(16)14(17)11-8-6-9-12-15/h2-3,8,11,13-17H,6,9,12H2,1H3/b3-2+,11-8+
Chemical Name	(4E,12E)-tetradeca-4,12-dien-8,10-diyne-1,6,7-triol
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

Targets	Bax Bcl-2
ln Vitro	In MKN45 cells, lobetyol (0-100 μg/mL, 0-48 h) inhibits growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner [1]. In MKN45 cells, lobetyol (0-100 μg/mL, 48 h) causes apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in a dose- and time-dependent way [1]. Lobetyol (0-100 μg/mL, 48 h) reduces Bcl-2 expression while raising P53 and Bax expression levels [1].
ln Vivo	In the MKN45 nude mouse model, lobetyol (0–10 mg/kg every 3 days) suppresses tumor growth [1].
Cell Assay	Cell Proliferation Assay[1] Cell Types: MKN45 cells Tested Concentrations: 0 μg/mL, 50 μg/mL, 75 μg/mL, 100 μg/mL Incubation Duration: 12 h, 24 h, 48 h Experimental Results: demonstrated a dose-and time-dependent proliferation inhibition in MKN45 cells, with an IC50 of 71.47 ± 4.29 μg/mL at 48 h. demonstrated more safety on L02 and HEK293 human normal cell lines. Apoptosis Analysis[1] Cell Types: MKN45 cells Tested Concentrations: 0 μg/mL, 50 μg/mL, 75 μg/mL, 100 μg/mL Incubation Duration: 48 h Experimental Results: Increased the apoptotic population in MKN45 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometic assay of Annexin-V/PI revealed apoptotic populations under increasing dose of lobetyol ranging from 0 μg/mL, 50 μg/mL, 75 μg/mL, to 100 μg/mL are 5.5%, 13.74%, 27.32% to 31.57%, respectively. Western Blot Analysis[1] Cell Types: MKN45 cells Tested Concentrations: 0 μg/mL, 50 μg/mL, 75 μg/mL, 100 μg/mL Incubation Duration: 12 h, 24 h, 48 h Experimental Results: Increased the expression level of Bax, P53, and diminished the expression level of Bcl-2. The release of cytochro
Animal Protocol	Animal/Disease Models: BALB/C nude mice (6 weeks-old, injected intraperitoneally (ip) with MKN45 cells)[1] Doses: 0, 2, 5, 10 mg /kg Route of Administration: Once per 3 days Experimental Results: Suppressed tumor growth in MKN45 nude models. The protein levels of Ki67 in MKN45 cells were Dramatically diminished. Meanwhile, cleaved-caspase-3 pos?itive MKN45 cells were found increased with the tendency of lobetyol concentrations in the study in vivo.
References	[1]. Lobetyol activate MAPK pathways associated with G1/S cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MKN45 cells in vitro and in vivo. Biomed Pharmacother. 2016 Jul;81:120-127. [2]. The in vitro/in vivo metabolic pathways analysis of lobetyol, lobetyolin, and lobetyolinin, three polyacetylenes from Codonopsis Radix, by UHPLC-Q/TOF-MS and UHPLC-MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2023 Jan 20;223:115140.
Additional Infomation	Lobetyol has been reported in Campanula glomerata, Lobelia inflata, and other organisms with data available.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	4.2682 mL	21.3411 mL	42.6821 mL
	5 mM	0.8536 mL	4.2682 mL	8.5364 mL
	10 mM	0.4268 mL	2.1341 mL	4.2682 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.